Trends in Syphilis Treatments and the Impact of Intramuscular Injectable Benzathine Penicillin G in Japan: A Descriptive Study Using Administrative Claims Data from April 2016 to September 2023.

Introduction: The incidence of syphilis is increasing in Japan. A new treatment, penicillin intramuscular injection, was launched in January 2022. This study aimed to determine syphilis treatments in Japan and investigate the impact of the new intramuscular penicillin formulation.

Comparison of Bone Evaluation and Metal Artifact between Photon-Counting CT and Five Energy-Integrating-Detector CT under Standardized Conditions Using Cadaveric Forearms.

Background: To compare the potential of various bone evaluations by considering photon-counting CT (PCCT) and multiple energy-integrating-detector CT (EIDCT), including three dual-energy CT (DECT) scanners with standardized various parameters in both standard resolution (STD) and ultra-high-resolution (UHR) modes.

Methods: Four cadaveric forearms were scanned using PCCT and five EIDCTs, by applying STD and UHR modes. Visibility of bone architecture, image quality, and a non-displaced fracture were subjectively scored against a reference EIDCT image by using a five-point scale.

Estimated medical costs of methicillin-resistant infection classified by polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing in Japan.

This retrospective, observational cohort study investigated the economic impact of genotype by classifying methicillin-resistant (MRSA) by using the polymerase chain reaction-based open reading frame typing (POT) method. Using administrative claims and bacteriological data for April 2016 to March 2021 from the University of Yamanashi Hospital, we ascertained the POT1 numbers and classified MRSA as either "hospital-derived" or "community-derived". We defined MRSA-associated medical practices and estimated the associated medical costs.

Cost and healthcare utilization of methicillin-resistant bacteremia estimated from linked antimicrobial resistance surveillance and hospital claims data in Japan.

Objective: To compare the incremental costs and healthcare utilization of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteremia with those of methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) bacteremia.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using data from April 2014 to March 2015.

Setting: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance and hospital claims data from 16 Japanese hospitals.

Comparative evaluation of temporal subtraction computed tomography and non-echoplanar diffusion-weighted imaging for the mastoid extension of middle ear cholesteatoma.

Objective: Preoperative imaging assessment influences the decision to perform mastoidectomy for the mastoid extension of middle ear cholesteatoma. This study compared the performance of temporal subtraction CT (TSCT) and non-echoplanar diffusion-weighted imaging (non-EP DWI) in evaluating such mastoid extensions.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 239 consecutive patients with surgically proven middle ear cholesteatoma between April 2016 and April 2021.

Clinical Implication of the Relationship between Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control Activities in Japanese Hospitals: A Principal Component Analysis-Based Cluster Analysis.

There are few multicenter investigations regarding the relationship between antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and infection-control activities in Japanese hospitals. Hence, we aimed to identify Japanese hospital subgroups based on facility characteristics and infection-control activities. Moreover, we evaluated the relationship between AMR and hospital subgroups.

Preoperative prediction for mastoid extension of middle ear cholesteatoma using temporal subtraction serial HRCT studies.

Objectives: This study investigated the utility of temporal subtraction computed tomography (TSCT) obtained with temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for the preoperative prediction of mastoid extension of middle ear cholesteatomas.

Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive patients with surgically proven middle ear cholesteatomas were retrospectively evaluated. The presence of black color in the mastoid region on TSCT suggested progressive changes caused by bone erosion.

Improved assessment of middle ear recurrent/residual cholesteatomas using temporal subtraction CT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of temporal subtraction CT (TSCT) of temporal bone CT for the detection of postoperative recurrent/residual cholesteatoma of the middle ear.

Methods: Thirty-two consecutive patients with surgically proven postoperative recurrent/residual cholesteatoma and 14 consecutive patients without recurrent/residual lesion matched the selection criteria and were retrospectively evaluated. TSCT imaging was generated with the use of serial postoperative CT.

Effect of table height displacement and patient center deviation on size-specific dose estimates calculated from computed tomography localizer radiographs.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of table height displacement and patient center deviation along the [Formula: see text]-axis on size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) calculations based on computed tomography (CT) localizer radiographs in pediatric and adult abdominal CT examinations. CT localizer radiographs and CT axial images were acquired with table heights of - 5.0, - 2.

Bisleuconothine A Induces Autophagosome Formation by Interfering with AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway.

We have previously reported that bisleuconothine A (Bis-A), a novel bisindole alkaloid isolated from Leuconotis griffithii, showed cytostatic activity in several cell lines. In this report, the mechanism of Bis-A-induced cytostatic activity was investigated in detail using A549 cells. Bis-A did not cause apoptosis, as indicated by analysis of annexin V and propidium iodide staining.

Eucophylline, a Tetracyclic Vinylquinoline Alkaloid from Leuconotis eugenifolius.

Eucophylline (1), a new tetracyclic vinylquinoline alkaloid, was isolated from the bark of Leuconotis eugenifolius together with leucophyllidine (2). The structure and absolute configuration of 1 were elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR correlations and simulated CD analysis. Leucophyllidine (2) showed iNOS inhibitory activity and decreased the iNOS protein expression dose-dependently.

Bisleuconothine A, an eburnane-aspidosperma bisindole alkaloid from Leuconotis griffithii.

A new bisindole alkaloid, bisleuconothine A (1) consisting of an eburnane-aspidosperma type skeleton, was isolated from the bark of Leuconotis griffithii. The structure including absolute stereochemistry was elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR data and X-ray analysis. Bisleuconothine A (1) showed cell growth inhibitory activity against various human cancer cell lines.