Publications by authors named "Tomokazu Sazuka"
Objectives: To evaluate the success rate of shock wave lithotripsy and identify predictors of stone-free status after shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones, focusing on the impact of stones remaining in the same location for 2 months (SSL2).
Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 501 patients with ureteral stones treated with shock wave lithotripsy by expert surgeons (each with over 1000 shock wave lithotripsy operations) at a single Japanese institution in 2020. Logistic regression analysis identified predictors of stone-free status, including stone length, skin-to-stone distance, stone density (Hounsfield Unit), Hounsfield Unit above/below the stone, stone position, and duration of stone at the same location (SSL2).
Background: This study investigated the characteristics of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) dynamics when androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), or vintage agent (bicalutamide) was used for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).
Patients And Methods: A total of 213 mHSPC patients from each of the ARSI and bicalutamide groups treated between 2015 and 2022 were selected from multiple institutions using propensity score-matched analysis to align backgrounds. PSA progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed.
Article Synopsis
- This study focuses on predicting the timing of biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients after they undergo radical prostatectomy, highlighting the importance of early detection and intervention through accurate risk assessment.
- Researchers applied a machine learning model called Random Survival Forest, analyzing data from 548 patients to identify key factors influencing recurrence, such as Gleason score, seminal vesicle invasion, and PSA levels.
- The model showed better predictive accuracy (time-dependent AUC of 0.785) compared to traditional methods, thus providing a personalized approach for monitoring high-risk patients and improving follow-up strategies.
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab (NIVO+IPI) has a long-term response rate of 30% for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). However, 20% of patients develop primary resistant disease (PRD) to NIVO+IPI and show poor survival outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PRD as a second-line treatment in patients with mRCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is shown to have a tendency for late recurrence, occurring 5 or more years after curative surgery. Imaging diagnosis is required for follow-up, and there is no definitive answer as to how long this should continue. Some patients discontinue follow-up visits at their own discretion.
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- This study looked at women with bladder cancer who had surgery to remove their bladder and other reproductive organs to see how many still had problems with their reproductive organs.
- Out of 417 women, some had their uterus and vaginal wall saved, but about 9% showed signs of cancer in their reproductive areas.
- The researchers concluded that doctors need to think carefully about whether to save these organs during surgery because there's a risk that cancer could still affect them.
Article Synopsis
- - This study aimed to create a prognostic model to estimate the risk of cancer-specific mortality in bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy (RC), using data from 36 institutions in Japan.
- - Researchers analyzed patient data without adjuvant chemotherapy, splitting it into training and validation sets, and used a multivariable Cox regression model to predict outcomes based on 25 variables.
- - The final model, which included eight key variables, outperformed the existing CheckMate 274 classification, correctly reclassifying a significant portion of high-risk patients into a better prognosis group, enhancing potential treatment decisions.
Article Synopsis
- Combination therapy of nivolumab and ipilimumab (NIVO + IPI) has shown effectiveness in treating metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), but about 20% of patients progress early, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers.
- A study found that certain tumor microenvironment (TME) gene expressions could serve as predictive biomarkers, accurately distinguishing between patients who respond to treatment and those who do not, with high sensitivity and specificity.
- Further analysis indicated that tumors with high expression levels of this gene activated an adaptive immune response, suggesting that inhibiting both PD-1 and CTLA-4 may enhance treatment effectiveness by improving immune cell actions against tumors.
Article Synopsis
- * A study analyzed 372 high-risk patients after bladder tumor surgery, finding that lack of postoperative Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment significantly increased recurrence risk.
- * Results showed no significant differences in recurrence rates related to residual urine volume—but there's a trend indicating that high residual volumes without BCG treatment could lead to increased recurrence risk.
The prognostic significance of unconventional histology (UH) subtypes including intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), ductal adenocarcinoma, and cribriform pattern has been investigated for prostate cancer (PCa). However, little is known about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and the oncological impact of tumor localization in localized PCa with UH. Clinical data of 211 patients with acinar adenocarcinoma (conventional histology [CH]) and 82 patients with UH who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) were reviewed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To determine the effects of prophylactic urethrectomy (PU) on oncological and perioperative outcomes in patients with bladder cancer (BC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC).
Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data on 1976 evaluable patients with BC who underwent RC. Patients were drawn from 36 institutions within the Japanese Urological Oncology Group.
Article Synopsis
- - LAT1 is a protein that helps transport important amino acids and is linked to cancer growth, particularly in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), where it is highly expressed.
- - The study utilized JPH203, a LAT1 inhibitor, which significantly reduced leucine uptake and inhibited CRPC cell growth, migration, and invasion, while having little effect on castration-sensitive LNCaP cells.
- - RNA sequencing revealed that JPH203 downregulated CD24 in CRPC cells, interfering with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that JPH203's potential anticancer effects are linked to mTOR signaling and CD24 modulation.
Objective: To analyse the impact of histological discordance of subtypes (subtypes or divergent differentiation [DD]) in specimens from transurethral resection (TUR) and radical cystectomy (RC) on the outcome of the patients with bladder cancer receiving RC.
Patients And Methods: We analysed data for 2570 patients from a Japanese nationwide cohort with bladder cancer treated with RC between January 2013 and December 2019 at 36 institutions. The non-urinary tract recurrence-free survival (NUTR-FS) and overall survival (OS) stratified by TUR or RC specimen histology were determined.
Background/aim: The prognostic significance of androgen receptor amplification (AR amp) in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was studied in Japanese patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Patients And Methods: A total of 120 serum samples were obtained from 38 patients with CRPC. Serum cfDNA was purified and the AR copy number was determined.
Objectives: Immune checkpoint inhibitors and enfortumab vedotin have opened new avenues for sequential treatment strategies for locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). In the pre-enfortumab vedotin era, many patients could not receive third-line treatment owing to rapid disease progression and poor general status. This study aimed to analyze real-world sequential treatment practices for la/mUC in Japan, with a focus on patients who do not receive third-line treatment.
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- The study evaluated the outcomes for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who received second-line targeted kinase inhibitors (TKIs) after first-line immunotherapy (IO), comparing different therapy groups.
- A total of 243 mRCC patients were analyzed, revealing similar response rates and progression-free survival (PFS) periods between the two therapy groups, indicating no significant differences in outcomes.
- Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma (non-CCRCC), high C-reactive protein (CRP), and low albumin levels were identified as key independent prognostic factors for poor PFS and overall survival (OS), allowing for the development of a more accurate risk classification system for these patients.
Article Synopsis
- L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is found in many types of cancer and helps cancer cells grow by taking in essential amino acids.
- Cabazitaxel is an important drug for treating advanced prostate cancer, but its effectiveness decreases when cancer cells become resistant to it.
- The study showed that LAT1 is more active in cabazitaxel-resistant cancer cells, and a specific LAT1 inhibitor, JPH203, successfully reduced growth and spread of these resistant cells both in the lab and in living organisms, indicating that targeting LAT1 could be a promising treatment strategy.
Background/aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the prognostic value of Prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) v2.1 scoring system in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP).
Patients And Methods: Clinical data of 294 patients who received RP between 2006 and 2018 were reviewed and multiple parameters including PI-RADS v2.
Immuno-oncology (IO) combination therapy is utilized as a first-line systemic treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, evidence supporting the use of cabozantinib after IO combination therapy is lacking. We retrospectively analyzed patients who received second-line cabozantinib after IO combination therapy using the Japanese Urological Oncology Group (JUOG) database.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The incidence of bladder cancer following transplantation is high; however, no previous studies have reported the development of bladder cancer following bone marrow and bilateral lung transplantations.
Case Presentation: A 42-year-old man who was followed for bilateral lung transplantation due to chronic graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation complained of gross hematuria. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed for cT1N0M0 bladder cancer.
Article Synopsis
- A case study reports the occurrence of three different types of renal cell carcinomas simultaneously found in a single kidney of a 44-year-old man with end-stage renal disease.
- Preoperative imaging techniques, like enhanced CT scans, may miss the presence of multiple tumors, as the man was initially diagnosed with only one tumor.
- The findings suggest that patients with significant kidney issues should be monitored for multiple types of renal cell carcinomas, even if only one tumor is detected through imaging.
Introduction: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the standard treatment for adrenal tumors caused by Cushing's syndrome. However, few pregnant women have undergone adrenalectomy because of the risk of general anesthesia and surgery.
Case Presentation: A 28-year-old woman presented with gradually worsening Cushing's signs at around 12 weeks of pregnancy.
Background: The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) based on the serum albumin level and the lymphocyte count has been investigated as a prognostic factor in patients with malignant tumors. However, it has been poorly studied in prostate cancer (PCa), and little is known about its clinical utility.
Methods: Clinical data of 353 patients with de novo, metastatic, hormone-sensitive PCa (mHSPC) who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were obtained from multiple institutions between 2000 and 2019.