Pembrolizumab response in stage IV luminal-type breast cancer with high microsatellite instability: a case report.

Background: Pembrolizumab (PEM), an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), is often used for triple-negative breast cancer, but can also be used to treat solid tumors that exhibit high microsatellite instability (MSI-High). However, patients with breast cancer rarely have MSI-High, the use of PEM in such cases in clinical practice is uncertain due to lack of sufficient supporting data. Here, we report the case of a premenopausal woman in who received PEM for MSI-High luminal-type breast cancer.

Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast arising in encapsulated mammary hamartoma ; A case report.

Mammary hamartoma is benign lesion and relatively rare. 17 cases of breast cancer associated with a hamartoma had been previously documented in the literature. We describe herein a case of noninvasive ductal carcinoma of the breast arising in hamartoma in a woman of 60's.

Influence of human serum albumin on the bile acid-mediated inhibition of liver microsomal type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

The influence of human serum albumin (HSA) on the bile acid-mediated inhibition of liver microsomal type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) was studied in vitro. A rat liver microsomal fraction was prepared, and the 11β-HSD1 enzyme activity in the presence of various concentrations of bile acids and HSA was determined using hydrocortisone as the substrate. The products of the reaction were extracted and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Predictor of neurologic dysfunction after elective thoracic aorta repair using selective cerebral perfusion.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to determine the factors that influence postoperative neurological dysfunction after selective cerebral perfusion (SCP).

Design: From 1995 to August 2004, 60 patients were evaluated for the presence of cerebro-vascular disease (CVD), and then underwent thoracic aortic operations using SCP. Perioperative factors were evaluated by multivariate analyses.

Selective delayed management of blunt traumatic left common carotid artery injury using hypothermic circulatory arrest.

Most traumatic carotid artery aneurysms occur at or close to its bifurcation, and traumatic aneurysm of the intrathoracic carotid arteries are rare. We describe a case of false aneurysm at the origin of the left common carotid artery (LCCA) after blunt trauma. A 53-year-old man suffered a blow from a broken steel plate, which flew from a working concrete crusher over his neck when he looked down the machine.

Destabilization of Na(v)1.7 sodium channel alpha-subunit mRNA by constitutive phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase: negative regulation of steady-state level of cell surface functional sodium channels in adrenal chromaffin cells.

In cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells expressing Na(v)1.7 isoform of voltage-dependent Na(+) channels, treatment (> or = 6 h) with serum deprivation, PD98059, or U0126 increased cell surface [(3)H]saxitoxin ([(3)H]STX) binding by approximately 58% (t(1/2) = 12.5 h), with no change in the K(d) value.

Differential effects of bupivacaine enantiomers, ropivacaine and lidocaine on up-regulation of cell surface voltage-dependent sodium channels in adrenal chromaffin cells.

In cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, (+/-)-bupivacaine inhibited veratridine-induced 22Na(+) influx (IC(50) 6.8 microM). The IC(50) of (+)-bupivacaine (2.

Distinct effects of ketone bodies on down-regulation of cell surface insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation in adrenal chromaffin cells.

Treatment (>/=24 h) of cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells with ketoacidosis-related concentrations (>/=3 mM) of acetoacetate (but not beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and acidic medium) caused a time- and concentration-dependent reduction of cell surface (125)I-insulin binding by ~38%, with no change in the K(d) value. The reduction of (125)I-insulin binding returned to control nontreated level at 24 h after the washout of acetoacetate-treated cells. Acetoacetate did not increase the internalization rate of cell surface insulin receptor (IR), as measured in the presence of brefeldin A, an inhibitor of cell surface vesicular exit from the trans-Golgi network.

Serum deprivation-induced upregulation of voltage-dependent sodium channels in adrenal chromaffin cells: selective involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway.

In the present study, we investigated whether activation of the MAPK family could regulate the cell surface expression of Na channels in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. The results suggest that constitutively activated ERK (but not p38 or JNK), by various extracellular stimuli, down-modulates the density of cell surface Na channels, which was mediated via the destabilization of Na channel alpha-subunit mRNA.

Regulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel expression in adrenal chromaffin cells: involvement of multiple calcium signaling pathways.

The density and electrical activity of cell surface voltage-dependent Na(+) channels are key determinants regulating the neuronal plasticity including development, differentiation, and regeneration. Abnormalities of Na(+) channels are associated with various neurological diseases. In this paper, we review the regulatory mechanisms of cell surface Na(+) channel expression mediated by Ca(2+) signaling pathways in cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.

Down-regulation of cell surface insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation by inhibitor of 90-kDa heat-shock protein family: endoplasmic reticulum retention of monomeric insulin receptor precursor with calnexin in adrenal chromaffin cells.

Treatment (>/=6 h) of cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells with geldanamycin (GA) or herbimycin A (HA), an inhibitor of the 90-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp90) family, decreased cell surface (125)I-insulin binding. The effect of GA was concentration (EC(50) = 84 nM)- and time (t(1/2) = 8.5 h)-dependent; GA (1 microM for 24 h) lowered the B(max) value of (125)I-insulin binding by 80%, without changing the K(d) value.