[A case of dementia with Lewy bodies and Hashimoto encephalopathy successfully treated with immunotherapy].

We report a 77-year-old woman suffering from dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) who presented with Hashimoto encephalopathy. The patient began to mistakenly believe that another person was sleeping in her bed from approximately 70 years of age. She began to show symptoms of parkinsonism after 75 years of age.

Molecular markers for granulovacuolar degeneration are present in rimmed vacuoles.

Background: Rimmed vacuoles (RVs) are round-oval cytoplasmic inclusions, detected in muscle cells of patients with myopathies, such as inclusion body myositis (IBM) and distal myopathy with RVs (DMRV). Granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) bodies are spherical vacuoles containing argentophilic and hematoxyphilic granules, and are one of the pathological hallmarks commonly found in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of patients with aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These diseases are common in the elderly and share some pathological features.

Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate is enriched in granulovacuolar degeneration bodies and neurofibrillary tangles.

Aims: Among the pathological findings in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the temporal and spatial profiles of granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) bodies are characteristic in that they seem to be related to those of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), suggesting a common mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of these structures. Flotillin-1, a marker of lipid rafts, accumulates in lysosomes of tangle-bearing neurones in AD patients. In addition, recent reports have shown that GVD bodies accumulate at the nexus of the autophagic and endocytic pathways.