Evaluation of ARID1A as a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Endometrial Cancer.

Background: AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) has been proposed as a new biomarker for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The predictive value of ARID1A for predicting ICI effectiveness has not been reported for endometrial cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether ARID1A negativity predicts ICI effectiveness for endometrial cancer treatment.

Association between and Mutations and Progesterone Resistance in Endometriotic Epithelial Cell Line.

Although endometriosis is a benign disease, it is associated with cancer-related gene mutations, such as or . Endometriosis is associated with elevated levels of inflammatory factors that cause severe pain. In a previous study, we demonstrated that or mutations are associated with the activation of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in a patient-derived immortalized endometriotic cell line, HMOsisEC10.

The Case of an Endometrial Cancer Patient with Breast Cancer Who Has Achieved Long-Term Survival via Letrozole Monotherapy.

Herein, we present the successful treatment of a 92-year-old woman who experienced recurrent EC in the vaginal stump and para-aortic lymph nodes. The patient was first treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin for recurrent EC, which was abandoned after two cycles of chemotherapy because of G4 hematologic toxicity. Later, the patient was treated with letrozole for early-stage breast cancer, which was diagnosed simultaneously with EC recurrence.

Histological and Genetic Diversity in Ovarian Mucinous Carcinomas: A Pilot Study.

Tumor heterogeneity remains an ongoing challenge in the field of cancer therapy. Intratumor heterogeneity significantly complicates the diagnosis of cancer and presents challenging clinical problems due to resistance to drug therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic changes histologically (mucinous cystadenoma (MCA), mucinous borderline tumor (MBT), and mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC)) in a portion of mucinous ovarian tumors within the same sample.

Promising Therapeutic Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Type II Endometrial Cancer Patients with Deficient Mismatch Repair Status.

Type II endometrial cancer (EC) is responsible for most endometrial cancer-related deaths due to its aggressive nature, late-stage detection, and high tolerance to standard therapies. Thus, novel treatment strategies for type II EC are imperative. For patients with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy.

Identifying the Carcinogenic Mechanism of Malignant Struma Ovarii Using Whole-Exome Sequencing and DNA Methylation Analysis.

Background: Since malignant struma ovarii is a very rare disease, its carcinogenic mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we sought to identify the genetic lesions that may have led to the carcinogenesis of a rare case of malignant struma ovarii (follicular carcinoma) with peritoneal dissemination.

Methods: DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded sections of normal uterine tissues and malignant struma ovarii for genetic analysis.

Frequent PIK3CA mutation in normal endometrial gland drives spheroid formation and may be involved in stem cell propagation.

Recent studies reported the presence of oncogenic mutations in normal endometrial glands, but the biological significance remains unclear. The present study investigated the status of KRAS/PIK3CA driver mutations in normal endometrial glands as well as spheroids derived from single glands. The normal endometria of surgically removed uteri (n = 3) were divided into nine regions, and 40 endometrial single glands were isolated from each region.

Promising Therapeutic Impact of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator, Fulvestrant, as Demonstrated In Vitro upon Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines.

Few studies have reported hormonal agent use in the treatment of low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOCs), which are chemoresistant. Considering the need for novel effective therapies, we investigated the hormone receptor expression and hormonal inhibition efficacy in LGSOCs. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed the estrogen receptor (ER) expression status in 33 cases of histologically confirmed serous ovarian tumors, including 10, 11, and 12 cases of LGSOCs, serous borderline tumors (SBTs), and serous cystadenomas (SCAs), respectively.

Effect of Muscle Loss but Not Fat Loss during Primary Debulking Surgery and Chemotherapy on Prognosis of Patients with Ovarian Cancer.

Although the negative effect of muscle loss during invasive treatment has been widely reported in patients with cancer, its value in patients with ovarian cancer is not clear. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify whether muscle loss during cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy affects prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. We retrospectively recruited 58 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent site reductive surgery and chemotherapy at Shimane University Hospital from March 2006 to November 2013 and for whom pre- and postoperative computed tomography were available.

Clinical Landscape of PARP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clues to Overcome Resistance.

The survival of patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer has improved tremendously in the past decade, mainly due to the establishment of maintenance therapy with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis) after conservative chemotherapies. Despite their superior efficacy, resistance to PARPis has been reported, and patients with resistance have a much worse prognosis. Therefore, the development of novel treatment strategies to overcome PARPi resistance is urgently needed.

Mutation Profiles of Ovarian Seromucinous Borderline Tumors in Japanese Patients.

Ovarian seromucinous tumors (SMBTs) are relatively rare, and their carcinogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, the molecular features of SMBTs in Japan are assessed. DNA was extracted from microdissected paraffin-embedded sections from 23 SMBT cases.

Ovarian Endometrioid and Clear Cell Carcinomas with Low Prevalence of Microsatellite Instability: A Unique Subset of Ovarian Carcinomas Could Benefit from Combination Therapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Other Anticancer Agents.

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological malignancies; therefore, a novel treatment strategy is needed urgently. Utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors has been considered for microsatellite instability (MSI)-high (MSI-H) tumors. However, the prevalence of MSI-H tumors in ovarian endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas remains unclear.

Development of Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma from Benign Ovarian Serous Cystadenoma Cells.

Despite the knowledge about numerous genetic mutations essential for the progression of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC), the specific combination of mutations required remains unclear. Here, we aimed to recognize the oncogenic mutations responsible for the stepwise development of LGSOC using immortalized HOVs-cyst-1 cells, developed from ovarian serous cystadenoma cells, and immortalized via , , and gene transfection. Furthermore, oncogenic mutations, and , were individually and simultaneously introduced in immortalized HOV-cyst-1 cells.

Clinical Outcomes of Genotype-Matched Therapy for Recurrent Gynecological Cancers: A Single Institutional Experience.

Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and genome medicine have contributed to treatment decisions in patients with cancer. Most advanced gynecological cancers develop resistance to chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis. Therefore, we conducted genomic tests in gynecological tumors to examine the efficacy and clinical feasibility of genotype-matched therapy.

Underdiagnosis of early cervical cancer with an invisible cervical transformation zone in an elderly patient: A case report.

The treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can result in under- or overtreatment. The current report describes a case of undertreatment of a cervical tumor. A 72-year-old woman was preoperatively diagnosed with CIN3.

P16 expression might be associated with a favorable prognosis for cervical adenocarcinoma via dysregulation of the RB pathway.

Previous studies have largely failed to clarify the relationship between p16 status and cervical adenocarcinoma prognosis. The current study aimed to examine the clinical and pathological significance of p16 expression in several cervical adenocarcinoma subtypes. Eighty-two samples collected from patients with cervical adenocarcinoma were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded.

Bisphenol A derivatives act as novel coactivator-binding inhibitors for estrogen receptor β.

Bisphenol A and its derivatives are recognized as endocrine disruptors based on their complex effects on estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. While the effects of bisphenol derivatives on ERα have been thoroughly evaluated, how these chemicals affect ERβ signaling is less well understood. Herein, we sought to identify novel ERβ ligands using a radioligand competitive binding assay to screen a chemical library of bisphenol derivatives.

Establishment of a Novel In Vitro Model of Endometriosis with Oncogenic and Mutations for Understanding the Underlying Biology and Molecular Pathogenesis.

Endometriosis-harboring cancer-associated somatic mutations of and provides new opportunities for studying the multistep processes responsible for the functional and molecular changes in this disease. We aimed to establish a novel in vitro endometriosis model to clarify the functional behavior and molecular pathogenesis of this disorder. Immortalized HMOsisEC10 human ovarian endometriotic epithelial cell line was used in which and mutations were introduced.

Single-port laparoscopic surgery for ovarian cystectomy: A single-center analysis of 25 cases.

Innovation in gynecological surgery is constantly evolving to make procedures less invasive. Minimally invasive single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) is another innovation that may further improve gynecological surgery outcomes. However, SPLS is not widely used due to the technical difficulties of the procedure.

Neutropenic enterocolitis-induced sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation after chemotherapy: a case report.

Background: Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) is a potentially life-threatening disease that primarily occurs in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. NE has substantial morbidity and mortality, and its incidence has increased with the widespread use of chemotherapeutic agents such as taxanes, gemcitabine, and leucovorin in patients with lung, breast, gastric, and ovarian cancers. Sometimes NE can be a possible cause of death.

Pregnancy by Assisted Reproductive Technology Is Associated with Shorter Telomere Length in Neonates.

Telomere length (TL) influences the development of lifestyle-related diseases, and neonatal TL may influence their prevalence. Various factors have been reported to affect neonatal TL. Although the fetus is exposed to multiple conditions in utero, the main factors affecting the shortening of neonatal TL are still not known.

Pathological findings in the endometrium after microwave endometrial ablation.

The acceptance of MEA in Japan is well demand due to its outstanding effectiveness and safety. Infrequently, a repeat MEA or hysterectomy is needed for recurrent menorrhagia in case of failure ablation. The reasons of recurrent menorrhagia subsequent MEA treatment are unclear.