Power suppression in EEG after the onset of SAH is a significant marker of early brain injury in rat models.

We analyzed the correlation between the duration of electroencephalogram (EEG) recovery and histological outcome in rats in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) to find a new predictor of the subsequent outcome. SAH was induced in eight rats by cisternal blood injection, and the duration of cortical depolarization was measured. EEG power spectrums were given by time frequency analysis, and histology was evaluated.

Determination of the Target Temperature Required to Block Increases in Extracellular Glutamate Levels During Intraischemic Hypothermia.

This study aimed to determine a target temperature for intraischemic hypothermia that can block increases in extracellular glutamate levels. Two groups of 10 rats each formed the normothermia and intraischemic hypothermia groups. Extracellular glutamate levels, the extracellular potential, and the cerebral blood flow were measured at the adjacent site in the right parietal cerebral cortex.

NADH fluorescence imaging and the histological impact of cortical spreading depolarization during the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.

OBJECTIVE Although cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) has been observed during the early phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in clinical settings, the pathogenicity of CSD is unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effects of loss of membrane potential on neuronal damage during the acute phase of SAH. METHODS Twenty-four rats were subjected to SAH by the perforation method.

Combined gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor plus apelin in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate whether combined gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plus apelin during indirect vasoreconstructive surgery enhances brain angiogenesis in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats. METHODS A chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model induced by the permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs; a procedure herein referred to as "CCA occlusion" [CCAO]) in rats was employed in this study. Seven days after the CCAO procedure, the authors performed encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) and injected plasmid(s) into each rat's temporal muscle.

Cerebral vasospasm in patients over 80 years treated by coil embolization for ruptured cerebral aneurysms.

Object: The effect on clinical outcomes of symptomatic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in patients over 80 years who underwent coil embolization was evaluated.

Methods: Forty-four cases were reviewed and divided into two groups according to patient age: Group A, 79 years or younger, and Group B, 80 or older. Patient characteristics, prevalence of symptomatic vasospasm, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge and frequency of symptomatic vasospasm in patients with mRS scores of 3-6 were analyzed.

Role of endoscopic third ventriculostomy at infected cerebrospinal fluid shunt removal.

Object: Cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection is distressing, especially in the pediatric population. Usually, infected CSF shunts are removed, and after temporary external CSF drainage, reinsertion of the CSF shunt is necessary. Unfortunately, it is not rare to encounter CSF reinfection after shunt renewal, and furthermore, the reinserted CSF shunt is at a considerable risk of malfunction.

Ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula--case report.

A 77-year-old man presented with an extremely rare association of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm manifesting as consciousness deterioration due to intracerebral hemorrhage in the left frontal lobe and diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage. Angiography confirmed the association of a dural AVF fed by both ethmoidal arteries and an ACoA aneurysm. Surgery for these two lesions was performed concurrently, and the ACoA aneurysm was found to be responsible for the hemorrhage.

Limited efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has not been recognized as a surgical option for hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), since hydrocephalus following aneurysmal SAH is considered to result from the communicating component. However, obstructions in the ventricular system may exist, so ETV could help resolve the condition. The present study evaluated the efficacy of ETV for hydrocephalus appearing within one month after aneurysmal SAH.

The relationship between leukoaraiosis volume and parameters of carotid artery duplex ultrasonographic scanning in asymptomatic diabetic patients.

The significance of asymptomatic leukoaraiosis is unknown although cerebral microangiopathy is regarded as its pathology. To confirm the relationship between leukoaraiosis and cerebral microangiopathy, the pulsatility index (PI) at the cervical internal carotid artery (CA) which has been proposed as an indicator of microangiopathy, was evaluated in relation to leukoaraiosis. With 122 asymptomatic diabetic patients, leukoaraiosis volume was calculated with magnetic resonance imaging and its correlation with age, microalbuminuria and parameters of extracranial CA duplex ultrasonographic scanning were analyzed.