Turning on Low-Temperature Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Derivatives through Teaming Pd and Mo Single-Atom Sites.

On-purpose atomic scale design of catalytic sites, specifically active and selective at low temperature for a target reaction, is a key challenge. Here, we report teamed Pd and Mo single-atom sites that exhibit high activity and selectivity for anisole hydrodeoxygenation to benzene at low temperatures, 100-150 °C, where a Pd metal nanoparticle catalyst or a MoO nanoparticle catalyst is individually inactive. The catalysts built from Pd or Mo single-atom sites alone are much less effective, although the catalyst with Pd sites shows some activity but low selectivity.

SEGA-like circumscribed astrocytoma in a non-NF1 patient, harboring molecular profile of GBM. A case report.

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a low-grade periventricular tumor that is closely associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). SEGA typically arises during the first two decades of life and rarely arises after the age of 20-25 years. Nevertheless, it has also been reported that glioma histologically resembling SEGA, so-called SEGA-like astrocytoma, can arise in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients, even in the elderly.

Minimally invasive treatment for glioblastoma through endoscopic surgery including tumor embolization when necessary: a technical note.

Background: Although there have been some reports on endoscopic glioblastoma surgery, the indication has been limited to deep-seated lesions, and the difficulty of hemostasis has been a concern. In that light, we attempted to establish an endoscopic procedure for excision of glioblastoma which could be applied even to hypervascular or superficial lesions, in combination with pre-operative endovascular tumor embolization.

Methods: Medical records of six consecutive glioblastoma patients who received exclusive endoscopic removal between September and November 2020 were analyzed.

DNA methylation array analysis for diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor with conspicuous hypothalamic mass. A case report.

Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) is a rare glioneuronal neoplasm newly included in the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. Owing to the wide spectrum of its histopathological and radiological features, accurate diagnosis can be challenging. Recently, molecular testing including DNA methylation array has been introduced with the possibility of improving diagnostic accuracy and contributing to the subtyping especially for brain tumors with ambiguous histology.

Endoscopic High Occipital Interhemispheric Transtentorial Approach for Lesions in the Anterosuperior Cerebellum, Upper Fourth Ventricle, and Upper Dorsal Brain Stem.

Background: The occipital transtentorial route is considered the most suitable for surgical treatment of lesions arising from the anterosuperior cerebellum, upper fourth ventricle, and upper dorsal brain stem. Therefore, this study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of the endoscopic high occipital interhemispheric transtentorial approach (EHOTA) for lesions in these areas, in achieving results comparable to the endoscopic occipital interhemispheric transtentorial approach (EOTA). EOTA has recently been reported to be an effective procedure for pineal region tumors, having several advantages that include minimal invasiveness with a small entrance limiting the retraction of the occipital lobe, the elimination of blind spots, and the facilitation of fine manipulation due to the bright, magnified panoramic view.

Usefulness of T2 Relaxation Time for Quantitative Prediction of Meningioma Consistency.

Background: Meningioma consistency is one of the most critical factors affecting the difficulty of surgery. Although many studies have attempted to predict meningioma consistency via magnetic resonance imaging findings, no definitive method has been established, because most have been based on qualitative evaluations. Therefore, the present study examined the potential of the T2 relaxation time (T2 value), a tissue-specific quantitative parameter, for assessment of meningioma consistency.

Single-Atom High-Temperature Catalysis on a RhO Cluster for Production of Syngas from Methane.

Single-atom catalysts are a relatively new type of catalyst active for numerous reactions but mainly for chemical transformations performed at low or intermediate temperatures. Here we report that singly dispersed RhO clusters on TiO can catalyze the partial oxidation of methane (POM) at high temperatures with a selectivity of 97% for producing syngas (CO + H) and high activity with a long catalytic durability at 650 °C. The long durability results from the substitution of a Ti atom of the TiO surface lattice by Rh, which forms a singly dispersed Rh atom coordinating with five oxygen atoms (RhO) and an undercoordinated environment but with nearly saturated bonding with oxygen atoms.

Imaging manifestations on sequential magnetic resonance imaging in pharyngolaryngeal involvement by varicella zoster virus.

Clarifying temporal changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a good chance to understand the pathology of neural lesions; however, such information is scarce in varicella zoster virus (VZV) neuropathies for the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Here, we present the changes in sequential MR images of such a pathology over a period of 12 months from symptom onset.A 27-year-old woman with difficulty in swallowing and hoarseness due to a palatal palsy and arytenoid fixation on the left presented 2 days after onset.

Dosing interval adjustment of denosumab for the treatment of giant cell tumor of the sphenoid bone: A case report.

Background: In the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), the efficacy and safety of denosumab, a receptor activator nuclear factor κ-B ligand inhibitor, has previously been demonstrated, especially for unresectable tumors. One of the current issues in denosumab treatment for unresectable GCTB is whether it can be discontinued, or whether the dosage or the dosing interval can safely be adjusted, if discontinuation is not possible, to avoid the occurrence of side effects.

Case Description: A 15-year-old boy with diplopia was referred to our hospital after a space-occupying lesion in the sphenoid bone was found on head CT.

Model building analysis - a novel method for statistical evaluation of Pt L-edge EXAFS data to unravel the structure of Pt-alloy nanoparticles for the oxygen reduction reaction on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.

Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) is a powerful tool to determine the local structure in Pt nanoparticles (NP) on carbon supports, active catalysts for fuel cells. Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) covered with Pt NP gives samples with flat surfaces that allow application of surface science techniques. However, the low concentration of Pt makes it difficult to obtain good quality EXAFS data.

Visualization Analysis of Pt and Co Species in Degraded PtCo/C Electrocatalyst Layers of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using a Same-View Nano-XAFS/STEM-EDS Combination Technique.

In order to obtain a suitable design policy for the development of a next-generation polymer electrolyte fuel cell, we performed a visualization analysis of Pt and Co species following aging and degradation processes in membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), using a same-view. Nano-X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS)/Scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) technique that we developed to elucidate durability factors and degradation mechanisms of a MEA PtCo/C cathode electrocatalyst with higher activity and durability than a MEA Pt/C. In the MEA PtCo/C, after 5000 ADT-rec (rectangle accelerated durability test) cycles, unlike the MEA Pt/C, there was no oxidation of Pt.

Exclusive Endoscopic Occipital Transtentorial Approach for Pineal Region Tumors.

Objective: Removal of pineal region tumors, which are deeply placed and encircled by intricate neurovascular structures, is challenging to neurosurgeons. The aim of this study was to present our experience with the exclusive endoscopic occipital transtentorial approach (EEOTA) used for removal of pineal region tumors.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients who underwent surgery using the EEOTA to remove pineal region tumors from May 2016 to August 2018.

Operando XAFS Imaging of Distribution of Pt Cathode Catalysts in PEFC MEA.

Three-dimensional imaging using X-ray as a probe is state-of-the-art for the characterization of heterogeneous materials. In addition to simple imaging of sample morphology, imaging of elemental distribution and chemical states provides advanced maps of key structural parameters of functional materials. The combination of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and three-dimensional imaging such as computed tomography (CT) can visualize the three-dimensional distribution of target elements, their valence states, and local structures in a non-destructive manner.

Observation of Degradation of Pt and Carbon Support in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using Combined Nano-X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and Transmission Electron Microscopy Techniques.

It is hard to directly visualize spectroscopic and atomic-nanoscopic information on the degraded Pt/C cathode layer inside polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). However, it is mandatory to understand the preferential area, sequence, and relationship of the degradations of Pt nanoparticles and carbon support in the Pt/C cathode layer by directly observing the Pt/C cathode catalyst for the development of next-generation PEFC cathode catalysts. Here, the spectroscopic, chemical, and morphological visualization of the degradation of Pt/C cathode electrocatalysts in PEFC was performed successfully by a same-view combination technique of nano-X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/scanning TEM-energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) under a humid N atmosphere.

Single rhodium atoms anchored in micropores for efficient transformation of methane under mild conditions.

Catalytic transformation of CH under a mild condition is significant for efficient utilization of shale gas under the circumstance of switching raw materials of chemical industries to shale gas. Here, we report the transformation of CH to acetic acid and methanol through coupling of CH, CO and O on single-site RhO anchored in microporous aluminosilicates in solution at ≤150 °C. The activity of these singly dispersed precious metal sites for production of organic oxygenates can reach about 0.

Urgent Optic Nerve Decompression via an Endoscopic Endonasal Transsphenoidal Approach for Craniopharyngioma in a 12-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report.

Craniopharyngiomas are benign tumors and account for approximately 5.6-13% of all intracranial tumors in children. Diagnosis of pediatric craniopharyngioma is often delayed until the tumor becomes relatively large and manifests severe visual and/or endocrine disturbance.

Non-contact electric potential measurements of electrode components in an operating polymer electrolyte fuel cell by near ambient pressure XPS.

Photoelectron spectroscopy has the advantage of providing electric potentials by non-contact measurements based on the kinetic energy shift in component potential. We performed operando hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) measurements with an 8 keV excitation source to measure the shift in electron kinetic energies as a function of the voltages of all the components at the anode and cathode electrodes of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). At the cathode electrode, when we increase the voltage between the cathode and anode from 0.