Developing a battery of physical performance tests to predict functional disability in Japanese older adults: A longitudinal study from the Kasama study.

Aim: Preventing functional disability benefits the quality of life of older adults and mitigates the economic burden of an aging society. However, the most effective physical performance tests and optimal cut points for identifying older adults at risk of functional disability remain unclear, and Japan lacks physical function-based assessment tools. We aimed to identify the physical performance tests related to functional disability and to develop a predictive test battery for it.

Cross-sectional study of the optimal types of physical exercise for cognitive function in older Japanese adults.

Aim: This study aimed to determine whether practicing coordination exercises, compared with other physical exercise types, is associated with better cognitive function in older Japanese adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from a health checkup project carried out from 2015 to 2019 among older adults living in Kasama City, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Data from 569 participants (mean age 74.

[A longitudinal study of the association between physical activity and apathy among community-dwelling older adults].

Aim: This study clarified the association between the amount of physical activity and apathy after one year among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: Two hundred community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 74.3±5.

Senescent Fibroblasts Potentiate Peritoneal Metastasis of Diffuse-type Gastric Cancer Cells IL-8-mediated Crosstalk.

Background/aim: Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) often forms peritoneal metastases, leading to poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism of DGC-mediated peritoneal metastasis is poorly understood. DGC is characterized by desmoplastic stroma, in which heterogeneous cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), including myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and senescent CAFs (sCAFs), play a crucial role during tumor progression.

Association between comorbidities associated with diabetes and higher-level functional status in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross sectional study.

Purpose: To investigate the association between comorbidities associated with diabetes and higher-level functional status as well as the relationship between comorbidities associated with diabetes and higher-level functional status in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have better social networks.

Methods: Participants were outpatients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥ 65 years, excluding individuals with severe cardiovascular or respiratory illness, hyperglycaemic crisis, type 1 diabetes, or diabetic foot. The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) was used to evaluate the higher-level functional status.

The relationship between acceleration in sit-to-stand and falls in community-dwelling older adults: cross-sectional study.

[Purpose] This study aimed to determine the relationship between acceleration parameters in the sit-to-stand (STS) movement and falls, and the strength of the association between acceleration in STS movements and falls in older adults. [Participants and Methods] In total, 330 older adults were included. Four acceleration parameters were measured in STS movement: maximum acceleration (MA), velocity (MV), power (MP), and stand-up time (ST).

Relationship between Acceleration in a Sit-To-Stand Movement and Physical Function in Older Adults.

Acceleration parameters in sit-to-stand (STS) movements are useful for measuring lower-limb function in older adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between acceleration in STS movements and physical function and the test-retest reliability of acceleration parameters in older adults. We performed cross-sectional analyses on 244 older adults including 107 men (mean age: 77.

Evaluation of Cognitive and Physical Function Among Older Adults by Their Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Kasama Study, Japan.

Background: The amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) level is a biomarker that is widely used to evaluate individual cognitive dysfunction early in neurodegenerative diseases, as well as differentiate between normal cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular cognitive impairment.

Objective: Our cross-sectional study evaluated the association between daily exercise and physical and cognitive function and Aβ42 levels among a subsample of 325 older adults from the Kasama Study.

Methods: Participants (age: 74.

Intraperitoneal Administration of p53-armed Oncolytic Adenovirus Inhibits Peritoneal Metastasis of Diffuse-type Gastric Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC) frequently exhibits peritoneal metastasis, leading to poor prognosis. However, efforts to develop antitumor strategies for preventing the peritoneal metastasis of GC have been unsuccessful. As diffuse-type GC cells often carry a genetic alteration in the tumor suppressor p53 gene, p53 restoration may be a potent strategy for preventing peritoneal metastasis of GC.

Effects of Desert Olive Tree Pearls Containing High Hydroxytyrosol Concentrations on the Cognitive Functions of Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

The Japanese population has the world's longest life expectancy but faces the challenge of extending the healthy life expectancy without developing chronic diseases. Therefore, the effectiveness of products derived from olives used in the Mediterranean diet as a potential dietary solution has attracted attention. This study examined the effects of desert olive tree pearls (DOTPs), which contain 162 times more polyphenol hydroxytyrosol than olive oil, on the cognitive function of middle-aged and older adults using the Cognitrax test.

Energy metabolism and thermoregulation during sleep in young and old females.

Core body temperature (CBT) shows a diurnal rhythm, and the nocturnal decrease in CBT is blunted in older people. The physiological mechanisms responsible for the blunted nocturnal decrease in CBT in older people remain to be revealed. The aim of this study was to compare heat production and heat dissipation in young and old subjects during sleep, as assessed by indirect calorimetry and the distal-proximal temperature gradient (DPG) of skin temperature.

Association of 24-h movement behaviors with phase angle in community-dwelling older adults: a compositional data analysis.

Background: Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of cellular conditions. Recent studies have suggested that PhA supports healthy aging. Identifying modifiable lifestyle factors for PhA is important.

Effects of home-based manual dexterity training on cognitive function among older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The relationship between manual dexterity and cognitive function among older adults is well known; however, few studies have focused on manual dexterity training that confirms cognitive load of training in older adults through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and verifies the effect of training. This study examined the effects of home-based manual dexterity training on cognitive function in older adults using a digital trail-making peg test device combining two conventional assessment tools namely, the peg and trail-making tests.

Methods: For 12 weeks, 57 healthy older adults aged 65-88 years participated in a parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, wherein home-based manual dexterity training was performed for approximately 20 min daily.

Novel Approach for Glycemic Management Incorporating Vibration Stimulation of Skeletal Muscle in Obesity.

Because obesity is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), it is important to manage the blood glucose level at an early stage. Nevertheless, people with obesity have significantly lower resistance to muscle fatigue after exercise and exercise adherence. Therefore, we developed a novel "Relaxing-Vibration Training (VT)" consisting of 25 postures using vibration stimulation of skeletal muscle and determined the feasibility of VT for glycemic management.

[Clinical Outcome of Robot-Assisted Distal Pancreatectomy in Our Institutional Introduction].

We evaluated the clinical outcome and assessed the safety of robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy(RADP)of early 5 cases in our institutional introduction. We followed the guidelines for introduction of robot-assisted pancreatectomy proposed by Japanese Society of Endoscopic Surgery. Patients' characteristics were 2 men and 3 women, 45-79(median 52) years old, and 3 patients with neuroendocrine neoplasm, 1 with intraductal papillary neoplasm and 1 with mucinous cystic neoplasm.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal study of the relationship between phase angle and physical function in older adults.

Aim: Although the validity of the assessment in older adults has been supported by several studies, cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between phase angle (PhA) and physical function by sex have not been clarified. This study aimed to examine (i) cross-sectional relationships and (ii) longitudinal relationships between PhA and physical function in older adults.

Methods: A total of 816 and 445 community-dwelling older adults were included in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively.

Impact of exercising alone and exercising with others on the risk of cognitive impairment among older Japanese adults.

Purpose: This longitudinal study investigates the influence of the stratified frequency of exercising alone and exercising with others on the prevention of cognitive impairment among older Japanese adults.

Methods: This four-year follow-up study targeted 4,358 individuals (mean age: 76.9 ± 5.

Instability of non-REM sleep in older women evaluated by sleep-stage transition and envelope analyses.

Study Objective: Traditionally, age-related deterioration of sleep architecture in older individuals has been evaluated by visual scoring of polysomnographic (PSG) recordings with regard to total sleep time and latencies. In the present study, we additionally compared the non-REM sleep (NREM) stage and delta, theta, alpha, and sigma wave stability between young and older subjects to extract features that may explain age-related changes in sleep.

Methods: Polysomnographic recordings were performed in 11 healthy older (72.

Acceptable walking and cycling distances and functional disability and mortality in older Japanese adults: An 8-year follow-up study.

We prospectively investigated the association between acceptable travel distances (i.e., walking and cycling) and the incidence of functional disability and mortality among older Japanese adults.

[Changes in the physical fitness of elderly people in the COVID-19 pandemic: An examination using performance tests].

Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the physical-fitness trends among community-dwelling older adults using performance testing. The results of the evaluation conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared to data from the pre-pandemic period.

Methods: A total of 240 community-dwelling older adults who participated in a health checkup program from 2016-2020 underwent the following tests: grip strength (upper limb muscle), single-leg balance with eyes open (static balance), sit-and-reach test (flexibility), timed up-and-go test (TUG, functional mobility), 5 meter habitual walk (walking ability), and hand working with pegboard (hand dexterity).

Frail Older Adults without Occupational Dysfunction Maintain Good Subjective Well-Being: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to clarify the relationship between frailty/occupational dysfunction (OD), both with and without, and subjective well-being among community-dwelling older adults. A total of 2308 (average age: 72.2 ± 5.

Bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep in older adults: a multilevel analysis using polysomnography.

Although recent studies have examined the bidirectional associations between physical activity and sleep parameters, few have focused on older adults utilizing objective assessments, such as polysomnography. This micro-longitudinal observational study included 92 Japanese older adults (aged 65-86 years) who underwent objective evaluations of sleep quality using polysomnography and completed subjective sleep-related questionnaires. Activity levels were assessed using an accelerometer.