In situ X-ray and acoustic observations of deep seismic faulting upon phase transitions in olivine.

The activity of deep-focus earthquakes, which increases with depth from ~400 km to a peak at ~600 km, is enigmatic, because conventional brittle failure is unlikely to occur at elevated pressures. It becomes increasingly clear that pressure-induced phase transitions of olivine are responsible for the occurrence of the earthquakes, based on deformation experiments under pressure. However, many such experiments were made using analogue materials and those on mantle olivine are required to verify the hypotheses developed by these studies.

A case of prostate B-cell lymphoma recognized in the contents of an irreducible perineal hernia in a dog.

We present a case of an intact 14-year-old male dog with a prostate B-cell lymphoma recognized in the contents of an irreducible perineal hernia. The enlarged prostate was replaced after reducing its size by partial excision, and the perineal hernia was repaired using the tunica vaginalis communis. However, the pelvic cavity was largely occupied by the replaced prostate, and urinary retention developed.

Dislocation-accommodated grain boundary sliding as the major deformation mechanism of olivine in the Earth's upper mantle.

Understanding the deformation mechanisms of olivine is important for addressing the dynamic processes in Earth's upper mantle. It has been thought that dislocation creep is the dominant mechanism because of extrapolated laboratory data on the plasticity of olivine at pressures below 0.5 GPa.