Endodermal Cyst with a Non-enhancing Nodule in the Quadrigeminal Cistern Developed in an Octogenarian.

Background: Intracranial endodermal cysts are congenital lesions that generally develop in the cerebellopontine angle and ventral brainstem of the posterior fossa, whereas endodermal cysts in the quadrigeminal cistern are very rare. We report a rare case of an endodermal cyst in the quadrigeminal cistern with a non-enhancing nodule that developed in patient over 80 years of age.

Case Description: An 85-year-old man presented to our hospital with progressing gait disturbance and urinary incontinence.

Identification of 2-Fluoropalmitic Acid as a Potential Therapeutic Agent Against Glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastomas (GBMs) are aggressive malignant brain tumors. Although chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) can extend patient survival, most patients eventually demonstrate resistance. Therefore, novel therapeutic agents that overcome TMZ chemoresistance are required to improve patient outcomes.

Identification of GSK3β inhibitor kenpaullone as a temozolomide enhancer against glioblastoma.

Cancer stem cells are associated with chemoresistance and rapid recurrence of malignant tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM). Although temozolomide (TMZ) is the most effective drug treatment for GBM, GBM cells acquire resistance and become refractory to TMZ during treatment. Therefore, glioma stem cell (GSC)-targeted therapy and TMZ-enhancing therapy may be effective approaches to improve GBM prognosis.

Potential Strategies Overcoming the Temozolomide Resistance for Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant type of primary brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Although the current standard therapy consists of surgery followed by radiation and temozolomide (TMZ), chemotherapy can extend patient's post-operative survival but most cases eventually demonstrate resistance to TMZ. O-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repairs the main cytotoxic lesion, as O-methylguanine, generated by TMZ, can be the main mechanism of the drug resistance.

Identification of antipsychotic drug fluspirilene as a potential anti-glioma stem cell drug.

Glioma stem cell (GSC)-targeted therapy is expected to be one of the most innovative approaches to treat patients with glioblastoma (GBM). A number of the drugs that restrain the signaling pathway essential for GSC maintenance have been under clinical trials. Here, we identified fluspirilene, a traditional antipsychotic drug, as a GSC-targeting agent, selected from thousands of existing drugs, and investigated its therapeutic effects against GBM with the purpose of drug repositioning.

Inflow hemodynamics evaluated by using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging and the size ratio of unruptured cerebral aneurysms.

Purpose: Prediction of the rupture risk is critical for the identification of unruptured cerebral aneurysms (UCAs) eligible for invasive treatments. The size ratio (SR) is a strong morphological predictor for rupture. We investigated the relationship between the inflow hemodynamics evaluated on four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and the SR to identify specific characteristics related to UCA rupture.

[Awake surgery with line bisection task for two cases of parietal glioma in the non-dominant hemisphere].

Awake surgery for lesions in the non-dominant parietal lobe is rare. We report two cases of right parietal lobe glioma for which awake surgery was performed in order to avoid ataxie optique and hemispatial neglect due to injury in the superior and inferior parietal lobule, respectively. Among several tests to assess the dysfunction of spatial recognition, line bisection test was selected for the task during awake surgery because of its simplicity, easy repetition, and utility.