Exosomes from Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Promote Differentiation of Osteoblast-like Cells and Bone Healing in Rat Calvarial Bone.

Deep caries and severe periodontitis cause bone resorption in periodontal tissue, and severe bone resorption leads to tooth loss. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are important for the healing of defective periodontal tissue. It is increasingly understood that healing of periodontal tissue is mediated through the secretion of trophic factors, particularly exosomes.

Establishment of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-like Cells Derived from Feeder-Free Cultured Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a fibrous connective tissue that connects the cementum of the root to the alveolar bone. PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) contained in the PDL can differentiate into cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and PDL fibroblasts, with essential roles in periodontal tissue regeneration. Therefore, PDLSCs are expected to be useful in periodontal tissue regeneration therapy.

4-META/MMA-TBB resin containing nano hydroxyapatite induces the healing of periodontal tissue repair in perforations at the pulp chamber floor.

We aimed to evaluate the materials based on 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate tri-n-butylborane (Super-bond [SB]) and nano hydroxyapatite (naHAp) for the repair of perforation at pulp chamber floor (PPF) in vitro and in vivo models. SB and naHAp were mixed in the mass ratio of 10% or 30% to produce naHAp/SB. Human periodontal ligament stem cells (HPDLSCs) were cultured on resin discs of SB or naHAp/SB to analyze the effects of naHAp/SB on cell adhesion, proliferation, and cementoblastic differentiation.

Effect of Fibrillin-2 on Differentiation into Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Like Cells Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Periodontal tissue regeneration is important for preserving teeth. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are useful in periodontal tissue regeneration; however, tooth extraction is required to obtain these cells. Therefore, we focused on induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and established a method to obtain PDLSC-like cells from iPS cells.

Dopamine is involved in reparative dentin formation through odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells.

Conventional direct pulp-capping materials induce pulp cells to secrete various biomolecules in pulp tissues that promote reparative dentin formation through induction of odontoblastic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). However, these biomolecules sometimes induce bone-like dentin with poor sealing properties. Therefore, exploration of biomolecules that allow tight sealing by tubular reparative dentin is required.

Decorin Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.

The aim of this study is to clarify the biological functions of decorin (DCN) in the healing and regeneration of wounded periodontal tissue. We investigated the expression pattern of DCN during the healing of wounded periodontal tissue in rats by immunohistochemistry and the effects of DCN on the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells (HPDLSCs) and preosteoblasts by Alizarin red S staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions, and western blotting. The expression of DCN was increased around the wounded PDL tissue on day 5 after surgery compared with the nonwounded PDL tissue, whereas its expression was not changed in the osteoblastic layer around the wounded alveolar bone.

Involvement of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in Reparative Dentin Formation.

In cases in which dental pulp tissue is accidentally exposed, direct pulp capping is often performed to induce reparative dentin formation. Although macrophages are essential for the inflammatory response and tissue repair, the emergence pattern and the role of macrophages in dental pulp tissue have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the emergence of M1/M2 macrophages in dental pulp tissue after a direct pulp capping and the effects of M2 macrophages on odontoblastic differentiation of the dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) clones.

Activin A Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation of Human Preosteoblasts through the ALK1-Smad1/5/9 Pathway.

Activin A, a member of transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is involved in the regulation of cellular differentiation and promotes tissue healing. Previously, we reported that expression of activin A was upregulated around the damaged periodontal tissue including periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue and alveolar bone, and activin A promoted PDL-related gene expression of human PDL cells (HPDLCs). However, little is known about the biological function of activin A in alveolar bone.

Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling promotes osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and induces regeneration of periodontal tissues.

Objectives: Few clinical treatments to regenerate periodontal tissue lost due to severe endodontic and periodontal disease have yet been developed. Therefore, the development of new treatment methods for the regeneration of periodontal tissue is expected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125, on the osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in vitro, and the function of SP600125 on the regeneration of alveolar bone in vivo.

Mineral trioxide aggregate immersed in sodium hypochlorite reduce the osteoblastic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells.

White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) is a root canal treatment material, which is known to exhibit a dark brown color when in contact with sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl). This study aimed to investigate the effects of NaOCl on the surface properties of WMTA discs and WMTA-induced osteoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Mixed WMTA (ProRoot MTA) was filled into the molds to form WMTA discs.

Development of a novel direct dental pulp-capping material using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin with nano hydroxyapatite.

In the case of dental pulp exposure, direct pulp capping is often performed to preserve vital dental pulp tissue. Numerous studies regarding the development of direct pulp-capping materials have been conducted, but materials with an appropriate sealing ability, which induce dense reparative dentin formation, have not been developed. Although nano hydroxyapatite (naHAp) is a bone-filling material with bioactivity and biocompatibility, the inductive effects of naHAp on reparative dentin formation remain unclear.

Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation and Reparative Dentin Formation in Dental Pulp Cells.

Direct pulp capping is an effective treatment for preserving dental pulp against carious or traumatic pulp exposure via the formation of protective reparative dentin by odontoblast-like cells. Reparative dentin formation can be stimulated by several signaling molecules; therefore, we investigated the effects of secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) 1 that was reported to be strongly expressed in odontoblasts of newborn molar tooth germs on odontoblastic differentiation and reparative dentin formation. In developing rat incisors, cells in the dental pulp, cervical loop, and inner enamel epithelium, as well as ameloblasts and preodontoblasts, weakly expressed Sfrp1; however, Sfrp1 was strongly expressed in mature odontoblasts.

Possible function of GDNF and Schwann cells in wound healing of periodontal tissue.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the function of Schwann cells in wound healing of periodontal tissue.

Background: In our previous study, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promoted the migration of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and that GDNF expression increased in wounded periodontal tissue. GDNF reportedly induces the migration of Schwann cell precursors.

Expression and function of dopamine in odontoblasts.

Dopamine (DA) is produced from tyrosine by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A recent study has reported that DA promotes the mineralization of murine preosteoblasts. However, the role of DA in odontoblasts has not been examined.