Publications by authors named "Tomohiko Sunami"
Article Synopsis
- * A study analyzed 309 tissue samples from patients under 50, finding that 7.8% had deficient MMR tumors, predominantly in endometrial cancers, with a notable link to a family history of LS-associated cancers.
- * The results highlight the potential for a broader LS screening program that includes young patients with diverse extra-colorectal cancers, showing it may effectively identify those at increased risk due to LS.
Article Synopsis
- A 70-year-old man with colon cancer had surgery, but his cancer came back and spread to his liver.
- Doctors found a special change in his cancer called EGFR-KDD, which makes it grow faster.
- After treatment with two types of medicines that target this change, his tumors shrank, showing these medicines could help others with the same issue.
Pancreatic cancer and its rare subtype, acinar cell carcinoma (PACC), frequently harbor germline and/or somatic variants in homologous recombinant genes, including BRCA2. Individuals possessing germline pathogenic BRCA2 variants are known to have a higher risk of developing various cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and bile duct cancers (BDCs). It has been reported that tumors positive for BRCA1/2 variants are sensitive to platinum-based agents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTumors demonstrating deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) account for 12%-15% of colorectal cancers (CRCs), but their characteristics have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to characterize dMMR CRCs in terms of clinicopathological findings and molecular alterations. Immunostaining for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins was performed to determine MMR status, and then MLH1 promoter methylation and genetic variants of 25 genes involved in colorectal carcinogenesis were analyzed by next-generation sequencing in dMMR tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the recommendations of the latest guidelines, the practical efficacy of universal screening for identifying Lynch syndrome (LS) among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) may be limited in the real world due to infrequent referrals and the difficulties of genetic testing. Thus, the present study aimed to retrospectively analyze the results of universal screening of patients with CRC at a referral hospital in Japan. Immunohistochemistry was performed for mismatch repair proteins [including DNA mismatch repair protein MSH6 (MSH6), mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 (PMS2), DNA mismatch repair protein Msh2 (MSH2) and DNA mismatch repair protein Mlh1 (MLH1)] and BRAF V600E mutation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Visceral fat obesity can be defined quantitatively by abdominal computed tomography, however, the usefulness of measuring visceral fat area to assess the etiology of gastrointestinal reflux disease has not been fully elucidated.
Methods: A total of 433 healthy subjects aged 40-69 years (234 men, 199 women) were included in the study. The relationship between obesity-related factors (total fat area, visceral fat area, subcutaneous fat area, waist circumference, and body mass index) and the incidence of reflux erosive esophagitis was investigated.
Article Synopsis
- A pilot study was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of using cold forceps biopsy (CFB) to remove very small pharyngeal lesions, which are 3 mm or smaller in size.
- The study involved 39 lesions, with the primary focus on the rate of local recurrence after three months, as well as determining risk factors and potential adverse events associated with the procedure.
- Results showed a 20% endoscopic recurrence rate and 16.7% pathological recurrence rate, with high-grade dysplasia found in a significant portion of the lesions, suggesting CFB is both safe and effective for treating these types of neoplasms.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to determine if submucosal saline injection during cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for small colorectal polyps could improve resection depth for better pathologic evaluation.
- Conducted as a randomized trial with 214 patients, the results showed no significant difference in complete muscularis mucosae (MM) resection rates between CSP with saline injection (CSP-SI) and conventional CSP (C-CSP).
- Interestingly, the CSP-SI method resulted in lower rates of negative lateral and vertical margins, suggesting it may be less effective despite no major complications reported.
Article Synopsis
- The study reevaluated the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with acute variceal bleeding, given advancements in treatment methods over the years.
- Data from 150 patients admitted between 2012 and 2016 was analyzed, comparing those who received antibiotics to those who did not.
- Results showed no significant difference in rates of bacterial infection, in-hospital mortality, rebleeding, or emergency readmission between the two groups, suggesting that universal antibiotic prophylaxis may not be necessary anymore.
Article Synopsis
- Nivolumab is now available as a third-line chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer in Japan, potentially offering long-term survival for some patients, but its usage is limited.
- A study analyzed the medical records of 271 patients and found that only 26.2% received third-line chemotherapy; factors like performance status and cancer histology were related to its prescription.
- Multivariate analyses indicated that patients with a performance status of 0 and low serum C-reactive protein levels were significantly more likely to receive third-line treatment.
Article Synopsis
- Newly published guidelines from the Japanese Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) suggest proceeding with endoscopic procedures without stopping warfarin and stopping direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) only on the day of the procedure.
- A study analyzed the medical records of 344 patients who underwent hot-snare polypectomy while on anticoagulants, comparing post-polypectomy bleeding rates between those following the new guidelines and those who had anticoagulants interrupted with heparin-bridging.
- Results indicated that the bleeding rates in patients following the new guidelines were not significantly different from those who had their anticoagulants interrupted, supporting the validity of JGES recommendations for managing anticoagulant therapy during polypectomy.