Evaluation of Driver's Brain Activity Associated with Advanced Driving Skills Such as Cornering.

Evaluating the driving ability of a vehicle is important in the development of in-vehicle systems and the training of driving skills. Driving ability has been investigated extensively in terms of recognition, judgment, and operation. However, the role of the brain in advanced driving operations within the limits of vehicle performance has not been thoroughly investigated.

Automatic detection of punctate white matter lesions in infants using deep learning of composite images from two cases.

Punctate white matter lesions (PWMLs) in infants may be related to neurodevelopmental outcomes based on the location or number of lesions. This study aimed to assess the automatic detectability of PWMLs in infants on deep learning using composite images created from several cases. To create the initial composite images, magnetic resonance (MR) images of two infants with the most PWMLs were used; their PWMLs were extracted and pasted onto MR images of infants without abnormality, creating many composite PWML images.

[Visualization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics by Respiratory Motion Using Phase Dispersion: Optimization of Spatial and Temporal Resolutions].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal spatial resolution and temporal resolution of dynamic improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium steady-state free precession for visualization of respiratory-driven cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics.

Methods: We investigated the differences in the visualization using the midsagittal cross-sections of nine healthy volunteers by three imaging conditions. (A: spatial resolution 0.

Temperature measurement of intracranial cerebrospinal fluid using diffusion tensor imaging after revascularization surgery in Moyamoya disease.

Objective: Brain temperature monitoring using a catheter thermometer has been reported to be a useful technique to predict prognosis in neurosurgery. To investigate the possibility of measuring intracranial cerebrospinal fluid temperature for postoperative monitoring in patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) after bypass surgery.

Materials And Methods: This study evaluated fifteen patients with MMD who were indicated for bypass surgery.

Evaluation of Cardiac- and Respiratory-driven Cerebrospinal Fluid Motions by Applying the S-transform to Steady-state Free Precession Phase Contrast Imaging.

Purpose: To extract the status of hydrocephalus and other cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-related diseases, a technique to characterize the cardiac- and respiratory-driven CSF motions separately under free breathing was developed. This technique is based on steady-state free precession phase contrast (SSFP-PC) imaging in combination with a Stockwell transform (S-transform).

Methods: 2D SSFP-PC at 3 T was applied to measure the CSF velocity in the caudal-cranial direction within a sagittal slice at the midline (N = 3) under 6-, 10-, and 16-s respiratory cycles and free breathing.

Gymkhana and pylon slalom driving training effects on the cerebellum structure.

To develop a suitable automobile design as per each driver's characteristics and state, it is important to understand the brain function in acquiring driving skills. Reportedly, the brain structures of professionals, such as athletes and musicians, and those who have received training in special skills, undergo changes with training. However, the development process of the brain in terms of acquiring driving skills has not yet been clarified.

Respiratory-driven Cyclic Cerebrospinal Fluid Motion in the Intracranial Cavity on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Insights into the Pathophysiology of Neurofluid Dysfunction.

Neurofluids, a recently developed term that refers to interstitial fluids in the parenchyma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the ventricle and subarachnoid space, play a role in draining waste products from the brain. Neurofluids have been implicated in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and normal pressure hydrocephalus. Given that CSF moves faster in the CSF cavity than in the brain parenchyma, CSF motion can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging.

Characterization of Cardiac- and Respiratory-driven Cerebrospinal Fluid Motions Using a Correlation Mapping Technique Based on Asynchronous Two-dimensional Phase Contrast MR Imaging.

Purpose: The cardiac- and respiratory-driven components of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion characteristics and bulk flow are not yet completely understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize cardiac- and respiratory-driven CSF motions in the intracranial space using delay time, CSF velocity waveform correlation, and displacement.

Methods: Asynchronous two-dimensional phase-contrast at 3T was applied to measure the CSF velocity in the inferior-superior direction in a sagittal slice at the midline (N = 12) and an axial slice at the foramen magnum (N = 8).

A Combination of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques to Localize the Dural Defect in a Case of Superficial Siderosis-A Case Report.

Superficial siderosis is a progressively disabling disease caused by recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage with accumulation of hemosiderin in the surface of the central nervous system. Although a wide variety of conditions may cause superficial siderosis, approximately half of the cases are reported to be associated with a defect in the ventral spinal dura mater, in which case treatment entails surgical repair of the defect. Here, we report a case of superficial siderosis and report on our method to pinpoint the dural defect using a combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.

Visualization of Cerebrospinal Fluid Motion in the Whole Brain Using Three-dimensional Dynamic Improved Motion-sensitized Driven-equilibrium Steady-state Free Precession.

The feasibility of the 3D dynamic improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium steady-state free precession (3D dynamic iMSDE SSFP) was evaluated for visualizing CSF motion and the appropriate parameters were determined. Both flow phantom and volunteer studies revealed that linear ordering and the shortest acquisition duration time were optimal. 3D dynamic iMSDE SSFP provides good quality imaging of CSF motion in the whole brain and enables visualization of flow in arbitrary planes from a single 3D volume scan.

Simple Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Turbulent Motion Using a Dynamic Improved Motion-sensitized Driven-equilibrium Steady-state Free Precession Method Applied to Various Types of Cerebrospinal Fluid Motion Disturbance.

The motion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the subarachnoid space and ventricles is greatly modulated when propagating synchronously with the cardiac pulse and respiratory cycle and path through the nerves, blood vessels, and arachnoid trabeculae. Water molecule movement that propagates between two spaces via a stoma, foramen, or duct presents increased acceleration when passing through a narrow area and can exhibit "turbulence." Recently, neurosurgeons have started to perform fenestration procedures using neuroendoscopy to treat hydrocephalus and cystic lesions.

[The Effect of Scan Parameters on the Synthetic MRI].

Synthetic MRI can provide proton density (PD), T value, T value for each pixel by only one data acquisition and can create various contrast-weighted images. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on the calculation of the T·T value when changing the scan parameters for synthetic MRI. In the phantom study, when changing 1st TE/2nd TE/TR/TSE factor, the effect on the T·T value calculated by synthetic MRI was examined.

Time-spatial Labeling Inversion Pulse (Time-SLIP) with Pencil Beam Pulse: A Selective Labeling Technique for Observing Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Dynamics.

We assessed labeling region selectivity on time-spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time-SLIP) with pencil beam pulse (PB Time-SLIP) for the use of visualizing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics. We compared the selectivity of labeling to the third and fourth ventricles between PB Time-SLIP and conventional Time-SLIP (cTime-SLIP) in eight volunteers and one patient using a 1.5T MRI.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technique for Visualization of Irregular Cerebrospinal Fluid Motion in the Ventricular System and Subarachnoid Space.

Background: Many studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) behaves irregularly, rather than with laminar flow, in the various CSF spaces. We adapted a modified previously known magnetic resonance imaging technique to visualize irregular CSF motion. Subsequently, we assessed the usefulness and clinical significance of the present method.

Dynamic cross-sectional changes of the middle cerebral artery in atherosclerotic stenosis detected by 3·0-Tesla MRI.

Objectives: Atherosclerotic stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is one of the causes of ischemic stroke, but aside from investigations using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), studies evaluating stenosis are rare. The purpose of this study was to assess dynamic changes of MCA cross section between the systolic and diastolic phases in patients with cerebral infarction using 3·0-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3T MRI).

Methods: We assessed 12 stroke patients with M1 stenosis in the MCA and 12 healthy volunteers.

[Problem of spectral attenuated with inversion recovery fat suppression method with respiratory-gated].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fat suppression when we use respiratory-gated spectral attenuated with inversion recovery (SPAIR) method with respiratory-gated. We experimented on phantom and in-vivo study using simulated wave of respiratory-gated SPAIR at 1.5 tesla and 3.

[Basic examination of uniformity of image and contrast of multi-transmit system].

In 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), shortened radio frequency (RF) wavelengths cause B(1) inhomogeneity. Multi transmit (MT) has been reported as a method of solving this problem.

[Improved visualization of long-axis black-blood imaging of the carotid arteries using phase sensitive inversion recovery combined with 3D IR-T₁TFE].

The purpose of this study was to improve the visualization of long-axis black-blood imaging of the carotid arteries. We experimented on phantom and in-vivo study of 3 dimension (3D) inversion recovery T(1) turbo field echo combined with phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR-3D IR-T(1)TFE) at 3.0 Tesla.

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging with gadofosveset trisodium as a negative contrast agent for lymph node metastases assessment.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using intravenously administered gadofosveset trisodium as a negative contrast agent for lymph node (LN) assessment with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using a VX2 tumor model in rabbits.

Materials And Methods: VX2 cells were injected in the right hind limb of five Japanese white rabbits to induce ipsilateral popliteal LN metastasis. DWI was performed before and every 7.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the liver using tracking only navigator echo: feasibility study.

Purpose: To introduce and assess the TRacking Only Navigator echo (TRON) technique for diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) of the liver.

Subjects And Methods: A total of 10 volunteers underwent TRON, respiratory triggered (RT), and free breathing (FB) DWI of the liver. Scan times of TRON and RT DWI were measured, and image sharpness in TRON, RT, and FB DWI was assessed and compared using nonparametric tests.

The middle meningial artery during a migraine attack: 3T magnetic resonance angiography study.

We performed 3T magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) during a spontaneous migraine attack. The patient was a 42-year-old woman migraineur diagnosed by the IHS criteria. The change of the middle meningial artery (MMA) was measured on the axial brain images using MATLAB for three phases (attack-free period, during an attack, a period after medication).

Diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in esophageal cancer.

The purpose of this study was to assess the value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in detecting esophageal cancer and assessing lymph-node status, compared with histopathological results. DWI was prospectively performed in 24 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer, using the diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) sequence. DWIBS images were fused with T2-weighted images, and independently and blindly evaluated by three board-certified radiologists, regarding primary tumor detectability and lymph-node status.