Pooled Analysis of Studies Evaluating Fosnetupitant and Risk Factors for Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting During the Extended Overall Phase.

Introduction: Fosnetupitant is a novel neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist (NKRA) with favorable antiemetic efficacy in patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy. This study assessed the efficacy of fosnetupitant in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone and identified risk factors for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) for up to 168 h after treatment using pooled data from Japanese studies.

Methods: A pooled analysis of randomized phase II and phase III studies was performed to compare the efficacy of fosnetupitant and fosaprepitant in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Multi-Institutional Randomized Phase II Trial of Gefitinib for Previously Treated Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of two doses of gefitinib (Iressa [ZD1839]; AstraZeneca, Wilmington, DE), a novel epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with pretreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Patients And Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter phase II trial. Two hundred ten patients with advanced NSCLC who were previously treated with one or two chemotherapy regimens (at least one containing platinum) were randomized to receive either 250-mg or 500-mg oral doses of gefitinib once daily.

Findings of virtual bronchoscopic navigation can predict the diagnostic rate of primary lung cancer by bronchoscopy in patients with peripheral lung lesions.

Background: Despite being minimally invasive, bronchoscopy does not always result in pathological specimens being obtained. Therefore, we investigated whether virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) findings were associated with the rate of diagnosis of primary lung cancer by bronchoscopy in patients with peripheral lung lesions.

Methods: This study included patients with suspected malignant peripheral lung lesions who underwent bronchoscopy at St.

Constrictive pericarditis 20 years after surgical aortic valve replacement.

Catheterization of the right side of the heart shows an elevated right ventricular pressure, a prominent "y" descent, known as Friedreich's sign, and a dip-and-plateau configuration.

Exploratory Analysis Comparing Fosnetupitant Versus Fosaprepitant for Prevention of Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Study (CONSOLE).

Introduction: We describe the results of an exploratory analysis performed on the first head-to-head study (JapicCTI-194611) comparing two different intravenous (IV) neurokinin 1 (NK) receptor antagonists, fosnetupitant and fosaprepitant, in combination with palonosetron (PALO) and dexamethasone (DEX) for the prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC)-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This analysis was performed to validate the findings of the primary analysis (previously published) utilizing a last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach for missing values for the efficacy endpoint of complete response (no emetic event and no rescue medication), while also evaluating the time periods encompassing the 0-168-hour (h) "extended overall phase" interval.

Methods: Patients scheduled to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomized 1:1 to fosnetupitant 235 mg or fosaprepitant 150 mg in combination with PALO 0.

A phase 3 safety study of fosnetupitant as an antiemetic in patients receiving anthracycline and cyclophosphamide: CONSOLE-BC.

Background: Fosnetupitant (FosNTP), an intravenous neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, demonstrated a favorable safety profile with a potentially low risk of injection site reactions (ISRs) and promising antiemetic efficacy in patients receiving cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy in a previous phase 2 study. We conducted a randomized, double-blind safety study to evaluate the safety profile of FosNTP, including ISRs, in patients receiving doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide or epirubicin-cyclophosphamide (AC/EC) chemotherapy.

Methods: Patients scheduled to receive AC/EC were randomized 1:1 to receive 235 mg of FosNTP or 150 mg of fosaprepitant (FosAPR), both in combination with 0.

Bereaved Family Members' Perceived Care at the End of Life for Patients with Noncancerous Respiratory Diseases.

Data regarding the quality of end-of-life care for patients with noncancerous illnesses are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate end-of-life care for patients with noncancerous respiratory disease from the perspective of bereaved family members and explore the factors associated with the quality of patient death and care. This cross-sectional study included patients who had died of noncancerous respiratory disease in general wards of pulmonary department in Japan between 2014 and 2016 and conducted an anonymous self-report questionnaire survey for the patients' bereaved family members.

Pectoralis Muscle Mass on Chest CT at Admission Predicts Prognosis in Patients with Pneumonia.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients aged 18 years or older with pneumonia who underwent chest CT within 24 hours of admission between April 2014 and March 2019. We measured the thickness, area, and volume of the pectoralis major and minor muscles at the level of the aortic arch. Factors associated with mortality were examined using logistic regression analysis.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Fosnetupitant Versus Fosaprepitant for Prevention of Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: CONSOLE.

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of fosnetupitant (FosNTP) versus fosaprepitant (FosAPR) for preventing highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. This phase III study was the first head-to-head comparison between two different neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone.

Patients And Methods: Patients scheduled to receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to FosNTP 235 mg or FosAPR 150 mg in combination with palonosetron 0.

High-resolution computed tomography for the prediction of mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS) demonstrates several image patterns on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between specific HRCT findings and the prognosis of ARDS.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study performed in a single hospital in Japan.

Ramucirumab Plus Erlotinib Versus Placebo Plus Erlotinib in Patients With Untreated Metastatic -Mutated NSCLC: RELAY Japanese Subset.

Introduction: The phase 3 RELAY global study (NCT02411448) revealed significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) with ramucirumab plus erlotinib (RAM + ERL) compared with placebo plus ERL (PL + ERL) in untreated -mutated metastatic NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.

Efficacy and Safety of S-1 Compared With Docetaxel in Elderly Patients With Advanced NSCLC Previously Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: A Subgroup Analysis of the EAST-LC Trial.

Introduction: Despite recent advances in NSCLC treatment, specific data on the elderly population remain limited. In this post hoc subgroup analysis of the East Asia S-1 Trial in Lung Cancer (EAST-LC) trial, we compared S-1 and docetaxel (DTX) in patients aged 70 years old and above with pretreated advanced NSCLC.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive S-1 (orally, twice daily on d 1-28 of a 6-wk cycle) or DTX (intravenously, on d 1 of a 3-wk cycle).

Identification of patients with COVID-19 who are optimal for methylprednisolone pulse therapy.

Background: Corticosteroids have been reported to reduce the mortality rates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, the role of high-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy in reducing mortality in critically ill patients has also been documented. The purpose of this study is to identify patients with COVID-19 who are suitable for methylprednisolone pulse therapy.

Reproducibility of peripheral branches in virtual bronchoscopic navigation using VINCENT and LungPoint software for peripheral lung lesions.

Background: Recently, virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) has become frequently used for the pathological specimen collection of peripheral lung lesions using various VBN software packages. Herein, we examined the reproducibility of peripheral branches in VBN software using LungPoint and VINCENT versions 4.0 and 5.

Disseminated nocardiosis due to Nocardia terpenica.

We report the first case of disseminated nocardiosis due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant Nocardia terpenica successfully treated with meropenem and clarithromycin. The patient travelled to Japan from Australia via Southeast Asia, which led to differential diagnoses of multiple lung nodules including miliary tuberculosis and melioidosis as well as nocardiosis. Because of variety of susceptibility depending on the Nocardia species, clinicians need to confirm the species and investigate its susceptibility.

Prognostic impact of geriatric assessment in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer: an integrated analysis of two randomized phase III trials (JCOG1115-A).

Objective: Patients' actual age and performance status do not always accurately identify the 'fit elderly' for chemotherapy. This study aimed to determine whether four geriatric assessment tools could predict prognosis.

Methods: This study were analyzed using the data of two randomized phase III trials (JCOG0207 and JCOG0803/WJOG4307L) for elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and included all eligible patients who were assessed before treatment with four geriatric assessment tools: the Barthel activities of daily living index, Lawton instrumental activities of daily living scale, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Geriatric Depression Scale-15.

Five-year follow-up results from phase II studies of nivolumab in Japanese patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer: pooled analysis of the ONO-4538-05 and ONO-4538-06 studies.

Background: Two phase II studies in Japan examined the efficacy and safety of nivolumab, a programmed cell death 1 receptor inhibitor, in patients with advanced squamous and non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (ONO-4538-05 and ONO-4538-06). We examined the long-term efficacy and safety of nivolumab in these patients treated for up to 5 years.

Methods: Patients with squamous (N = 35) or non-squamous (N = 76) non-small cell lung cancer received nivolumab (3 mg/kg every 2 weeks) until disease progression/death.

Unilateral pleural effusion with capillary haemangioma.

Here, we report a case of haemangioma on middle mediastinum accompanied by unilateral pleural effusion, which was initially suspected to be lung cancer and pleurisy. During annual check-up, chest radiography of a 30-year-old female showed homogeneous opacity in the left lower pulmonary field. Excision was performed, and the mass was pathologically diagnosed as benign mediastinal vascular tumour with exudative pleural effusion.

Thymic epithelial tumor treatment in Japan: analysis of hospital cancer registry and insurance claims data, 2012-2014.

Introduction: Thymic epithelial tumors are a rare type of neoplasm. Accordingly, it is difficult to perform phase III trials in patients with thymic epithelial tumors, and thus, no standard treatment has been established for these tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the current status of thymic epithelial tumor treatment in Japan.

Final progression-free survival results from the J-ALEX study of alectinib versus crizotinib in ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer.

Objectives: The J-ALEX study compared the efficacy and safety of alectinib with crizotinib in Japanese patients with advanced ALK-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Superiority in independent review facility (IRF)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) was demonstrated for alectinib at the second pre-planned interim PFS analysis (data cutoff: December 3, 2015; hazard ratio [HR] 0.34, 99.

A phase 2 study of lenvatinib in patients with RET fusion-positive lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Despite improved outcomes associated with immunotherapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many patients do not respond to treatment. Therefore, there is still an unmet need for molecularly targeted therapies in this patient population. Fusions of the RET oncogene have been identified as driver alterations in patients with NSCLC.