Standardization of a goal-oriented approach to acute cholecystitis: easy-to-follow steps for performing subtotal cholecystectomy.

Background: A critical view of safety (CVS) is important to ensure safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy. When the CVS is not possible, subtotal cholecystectomy is performed. While considering subtotal cholecystectomy, surgeons are often concerned about preventing bile leakage from the cystic ducts.

Laparoscopic total remnant pancreatectomy after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Total remnant pancreatectomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a difficult procedure. Recently, distal pancreatectomy and PD have been performed laparoscopically. Herein, we present the first case report of a laparoscopic total remnant pancreatectomy.