Serotonin reuptake inhibitor suppresses the activation of human platelets by a combination of thrombopoietin and collagen through inhibition of Rac and Rho/Rho-kinase.

Tramadol and duloxetine, reuptake inhibitors of serotonin and noradrenaline, are widely used analgesics. Cytoplasmic serotonin in human platelets reportedly regulates the activity of low-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins via serotonylation, leading to the modulation of platelet functions. We recently showed that the combination of thrombopoietin and collagen in the low doses synergistically induces human platelet activation via Rac and Rho/Rho-kinase.

COVID-19 complicated with severe M1-lineage Streptococcus pyogenes infection in elderly patients: A report of two cases.

Case 1: A 71-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with progressive fever and dyspnea, which had developed three days after the onset of COVID-19. Initial chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a pulmonary lesion consistent with a secondary bacterial infection. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated from cultures of primary sputum collected from the endotracheal tube, and identified as the causative microorganism.

Inverse relationship between platelet Akt activity and hippocampal atrophy: A pilot case-control study in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background: Akt plays diverse roles in humans. It is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is caused by insulin resistance. Akt also plays a vital role in human platelet activation.

Impact of augmented renal clearance on anticoagulant therapy in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the impact of augmented renal clearance (ARC) on anticoagulation therapy in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with severe COVID-19 with ARC who had been treated at our hospital between 2020 and 2021. We measured the estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula (eGFR) every morning, and ARC condition was defined as eGFR ≥ 130 mL/min/1.

Synergy by Ristocetin and CXCL12 in Human Platelet Activation: Divergent Regulation by Rho/Rho-Kinase and Rac.

CXCL12, belonging to the CXC chemokine family, is a weak agonist of platelet aggregation. We previously reported that the combination of CXCL12 and collagen at low doses synergistically activates platelets via not CXCR7 but CXCR4, a specific receptor for CXCL12 on the plasma membrane. Recently, we reported that not Rho/Rho kinase, but Rac is involved in the platelet aggregation induced by this combination.

Atypical drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome with multiple organ failure rescued by combined acute blood purification therapy: a case report.

Background: Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), including Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), is a severe rash that often develops 2-6 weeks after the intake of the causative drug; however, its diagnosis is sometimes difficult. This article describes a case in which a patient with DIHS-induced multiple organ failure was successfully treated with blood purification therapy.

Case Presentation: A male patient in his 60s was admitted to our hospital with autoimmune encephalitis.

Serum syndecan-1 concentration in hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome: A case report.

Background: Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome occurs in pregnant and postpartum individuals. We observed serum syndecan-1 (SDC-1) levels, which is a component of the glycocalyx, in a patient with HELLP syndrome from admission to the postpartum period and examined their association as reflecting the pathophysiology related to endothelial injury.

Case Presentation: A 31-year-old primiparous female patient without a previous medical history at a gestational age of 37 weeks and 6 days was transferred to our hospital the morning after a visit to a previous hospital with headache and nausea.

Spinal injury with spinal ankylosing disorders as a primary cause of death: report of two cases.

Background: Spinal ankylosing disorders (SADs) refer to a group of conditions resulting in spontaneous or postsurgical ossification and fusion of the spinal segments. The spine becomes increasingly susceptible to injury over time such that even low-energy trauma can cause a spinal injury. We report two cases of SADs, associated with massive thoracic hemorrhage.

Retrospective cohort study to determine the effect of preinjury antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy on mortality in patients with major trauma.

Objective: This study aimed to compare outcomes among patients who sustained major trauma from injury with and without receiving antiplatelet therapy (APT) or anticoagulant therapy (ACT) to test the hypothesis that APT does not increase the risk of mortality. However, ACT increases the mortality risk in the acute phase of trauma.

Methods: Patients registered in the Japanese Observational body for Coagulation and Thrombolysis in Early Trauma 2 between April 2017 and March 2018 who had sustained a severe injury in any anatomic region of the body, as determined using an injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16 were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Clinical characteristics of patients with snow sports trauma transported to a trauma care center: A retrospective observational study.

Background: Snow sports are a popular recreational activity; however, the incidence of injury of snow sports can be high for skiers and snowboarders. Our hospital receives severe trauma cases from snow resorts and hospitals throughout the region. This study aimed to determine whether the risk of snow sports-related major trauma that requires emergency surgery under general anesthesia varies by the equipment and injury mechanism.

Tramadol regulates the activation of human platelets via Rac but not Rho/Rho-kinase.

Tramadol is a useful analgesic which acts as a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor in addition to μ-opioid receptor agonist. Cytoplasmic serotonin modulates the small GTPase activity through serotonylation, which is closely related to the human platelet activation. We recently reported that the combination of subthreshold collagen and CXCL12 synergistically activates human platelets.

Relationship between the Responsiveness of Amyloid β Protein to Platelet Activation by TRAP Stimulation and Brain Atrophy in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 DM is a risk factor for dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is associated with brain atrophy. Amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition in the brain parenchyma is implicated in the neurodegeneration that occurs in AD. Platelets, known as abundant storage of Aβ, are recognized to play important roles in the onset and progression of AD.

Recombinant thrombomodulin may protect cardiac capillary endothelial glycocalyx through promoting Glypican-1 expression under experimental endotoxemia.

Introduction: Myocardial dysfunction occurs in patients with sepsis due to vascular endothelial injury. Recombinant human thrombomodulin (rhTM) attenuates vascular endothelial injuries through endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) protection.

Hypothesis: We hypothesized that rhTM attenuates myocardial dysfunction via the inhibition of vascular endothelial injury during sepsis.

Syndecan-1 as a severity biomarker for patients with trauma.

Tissue injury and hemorrhage induced by trauma lead to degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx, causing syndecan-1 (SDC-1) to be shed into the blood. In this study, we investigated whether serum SDC-1 is useful for evaluating trauma severity in patients. A single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted at Gifu University Hospital.

Hypergranulation over a meshed split-thickness skin graft, a complication of negative-pressure wound therapy: a case report.

Background: We present a case of a rare complication of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) wherein there was fixation of a meshed split-thickness skin graft (STSG), suspected as a failure by hypergranulation. However, the meshed STSG was integrated within 5 days of NPWT cessation.

Case Presentation: A 22-year-old Asian man sustained 25% total-body-surface-area flame burns.

Thrombopoietin and collagen in low doses cooperatively induce human platelet activation.

Aim: In acute medicine, we occasionally treat life-threatening conditions such as sepsis and trauma, which cause severe thrombocytopenia. Serum thrombopoietin levels have been reported to increase under the condition of thrombocytopenia related to severity. Collagen is a crucial activator of platelets, and Rho family members, such as Rho/Rho-kinase and Rac, play roles as active molecules involved in the intracellular signaling pathways in platelet activation.

Oncostatin M reduces the synthesis of macrophage-colony stimulating factor stimulated by TGF-β via suppression of p44/p42 MAP kinase and JNK in osteoblasts.

Bone fracture is an important trauma frequently encountered into emergency medicine as well as orthopedics reflecting an aging society. Oncostatin M, an inflammatory cytokine produced by osteal macrophages, has been considered to play a crucial role in fracture healing. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) secreted from osteoblasts is essential in osteoclastgenesis, and the secretion is stimulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).

Measuring the Concentration of Serum Syndecan-1 to Assess Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Injury During Hemodialysis.

Glycocalyx is present on the surface of healthy endothelium, and the concentration of serum syndecan-1 can serve as an injury marker. This study aimed to assess endothelial injury using serum syndecan-1 as a marker of endothelial glycocalyx injury in patients who underwent hemodialysis. In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, 145 patients who underwent hemodialysis at the Gifu University Hospital between March 2017 and December 2019 were enrolled.

Serum syndecan-1 concentration in hospitalized patients with heart failure may predict readmission-free survival.

Syndecan-1 is found in the endothelial glycocalyx and is released into the bloodstream during stressed conditions, including severe diseases such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the prognostic value of serum syndecan-1 concentration in patients with heart failure upon admission. Serum syndecan-1 concentration was analyzed in 152 patients who were hospitalized for worsening heart failure from September 2017 to June 2018.

Amyloid β protein negatively regulates human platelet activation induced by thrombin receptor-activating protein.

Amyloid β protein deposition in cerebral vessels, a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage. Amyloid β protein directly modulates human platelet function; however, the exact mechanism of action is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of amyloid β protein on human platelet activation using an aggregometer with laser scattering.

Effect of cryoprecipitate transfusion therapy in patients with postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study.

To evaluate the effect of cryoprecipitate (CRYO) transfusion in women referred for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). This retrospective cohort study included patients with primary PPH referred to Gifu University Hospital between April 2013 and March 2020. We analyzed the effect of CRYO transfusion on fluid balance 24 h after the initial examination using a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for several confounding variables.

Postmortem diagnosis of pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy with rapid exacerbation in a patient with gastric cancer: a case report.

Background: Pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) is a condition that involves the development of pulmonary hypertension due to the presence of microscopic tumor emboli of the peripheral pulmonary arteries. Here, we report a case of rapidly exacerbating PTTM associated with gastric cancer that was identified postmortem through pathological autopsy.

Case Presentation: A 52-year-old Asian woman who experienced anterior chest pain while coughing visited the orthopedic department of the Gifu University Hospital.