Burr-hole drainage with or without irrigation for chronic subdural haematoma (FINISH): a Finnish, nationwide, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Background: Chronic subdural haematoma is a common surgically treated intracranial emergency. Burr-hole drainage surgery, to evacuate chronic subdural haematoma, involves three elements: creation of a burr hole for access, irrigation of the subdural space, and insertion of a subdural drain. Although the subdural drain has been established as beneficial, the therapeutic effect of subdural irrigation has not been addressed.

Reduced temporal muscle thickness predicts shorter survival in patients undergoing chronic subdural haematoma drainage.

Background: Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) drainage is a common neurosurgical procedure. CSDHs cause excess mortality, which is exacerbated by frailty. Sarcopenia contributes to frailty - its key component, low muscle mass, can be assessed using cross-sectional imaging.

Baclofen Stability up to One Year in In Vivo Intrathecal Infusion Pumps.

Objectives: Commercial intrathecal baclofen treatment (ITBT) infusion pumps are recommended to be refilled within a maximum of 180 days, thus necessitating at least twice-yearly outpatient visits and refill injections. In particular, pumps with 40-mL reservoir volumes would allow much longer refill intervals. We investigated baclofen stability in active implanted ITBT infusion pumps in vivo with refill intervals up to 367 days to study the feasibility of lengthening refill intervals beyond six months.

An international, prospective observational study on traumatic brain injury epidemiology study protocol: .

Background: The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unclear - it is estimated to affect 27-69 million individuals yearly with the bulk of the TBI burden in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Research has highlighted significant between-hospital variability in TBI outcomes following emergency surgery, but the overall incidence and epidemiology of TBI remains unclear. To address this need, we established the Global Epidemiology and Outcomes following Traumatic Brain Injury (GEO-TBI) registry, enabling recording of all TBI cases requiring admission irrespective of surgical treatment.

Consensus-Based Development of a Global Registry for Traumatic Brain Injury: Establishment, Protocol, and Implementation.

Background And Objectives: Global disparity exists in the demographics, pathology, management, and outcomes of surgically treated traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the factors underlying these differences, including intervention effectiveness, remain unclear. Establishing a more accurate global picture of the burden of TBI represents a challenging task requiring systematic and ongoing data collection of patients with TBI across all management modalities.

Favourable long-term recovery after decompressive craniectomy: the Northern Finland experience with a predominantly adolescent patient cohort.

Purpose: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an effective treatment of intracranial hypertension. Correspondingly, the procedure is increasingly utilised worldwide. The number of patients rendered vegetative following surgery has been a concern-a matter especially important in children, due to long anticipated lifetime.

Physiological instability is linked to mortality in primary central nervous system lymphoma: A case-control fMRI study.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive brain disease where lymphocytes invade along perivascular spaces of arteries and veins. The invasion markedly changes (peri)vascular structures but its effect on physiological brain pulsations has not been previously studied. Using physiological magnetic resonance encephalography (MREG ) scanning, this study aims to quantify the extent to which (peri)vascular PCNSL involvement alters the stability of physiological brain pulsations mediated by cerebral vasculature.

Two-center validation of the Oulu resorption score for bone flap resorption after autologous cranioplasty.

Objective: Autologous bone has been the gold standard of cranioplasty materials for decades. Unique to autologous cranioplasty, bone flap resorption is a poorly understood and unclearly defined complication. Even further, it has been unclear, whether the resorption process eventually stabilizes over time.

Classification of bone flap resorption after cranioplasty: a proposal for a computed tomography-based scoring system.

Background: Bone flap resorption (BFR) is the most prevalent complication resulting in autologous cranioplasty failure, but no consensus on the definition of BFR or between the radiological signs and relevance of BFR has been established. We set out to develop an easy-to-use scoring system intended to standardize the interpretation of radiological BFR findings.

Methods: All 45 autologous cranioplasty patients operated on at Oulu University Hospital from 2004 to 2014 were identified, and the bone flap status of all the available patients was evaluated using the new scoring system.

Predictors of primary autograft cranioplasty survival and resorption after craniectomy.

Objective: Craniectomy is a common neurosurgical procedure that reduces intracranial pressure, but survival necessitates cranioplasty at a later stage, after recovery from the primary insult. Complications such as infection and resorption of the autologous bone flap are common. The risk factors for complications and subsequent bone flap removal are unclear.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of bone flap resorption in patients undergoing cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Autologous bone cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy entails a notable burden of difficult postoperative complications, such as infection and bone flap resorption (BFR), leading to mechanical failure. The prevalence and significance of asymptomatic BFR is currently unclear. The aim of this study was to radiologically monitor the long-term bone flap survival and bone quality change in patients undergoing autologous cranioplasty.

Relative validity of a FFQ in measuring carbohydrate fractions, dietary glycaemic index and load: exploring the effects of subject characteristics.

FFQ require validation as part of epidemiological research of diet-disease relationships. Studies exploring associations between carbohydrate type and chronic diseases are rapidly increasing, but information on the validity of carbohydrate fractions, dietary glycaemic index (GI) and the glycaemic load (GL) estimated by FFQ is scarce. Likewise, the effects of subject characteristics on FFQ validity have been poorly documented.

Dietary survey methodology of FINDIET 2007 with a risk assessment perspective.

A cross-sectional survey, FINDIET 2007, was carried out in Finland. Food intake data was collected by a 48 h recall interview. Additional food intake data was collected by a repeated 3 d food diary, a barcode-based product diary, a food frequency questionnaire and by a supplementary questionnaire on rarely eaten foods.

Phyto-oestrogen database of foods and average intake in Finland.

Information on phyto-oestrogen intake in various populations has been scanty until now, primarily because data on the content of these compounds in foods were lacking. We report here on expansion of the Finnish National Food Composition Database (Fineli) with values for the plant lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol and the isoflavones daidzein and genistein. The values, expressed as aglycones, were based on food analyses (mainly GC-MS) or imputed from analytical data for 180 foods for lignans and 160 foods for isoflavones; additionally, over 1000 values were derived from the recipe database of Fineli.