Exploring Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aquatic Fauna of Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Insights from a Low-Anthropized Area.

This study investigated the concentrations and profiles of 19 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the muscle and liver of four freshwater species from Lake Trasimeno (Italy): (European eel), (goldfish), (European perch), and (red swamp crayfish). In livers, the amount of PFASs ranged from 3.1 to 10 µg kg, significantly higher than that in muscle (0.

Analytical modelling of the transport in analog filamentary conductive-metal-oxide/HfO ReRAM devices.

The recent co-optimization of memristive technologies and programming algorithms enabled neural networks training with in-memory computing systems. In this context, novel analog filamentary conductive-metal-oxide (CMO)/HfO redox-based resistive switching memory (ReRAM) represents a key technology. Despite device performance enhancements reported in literature, the underlying mechanism behind resistive switching is not fully understood.

Analog Resistive Switching Devices for Training Deep Neural Networks with the Novel Tiki-Taka Algorithm.

A critical bottleneck for the training of large neural networks (NNs) is communication with off-chip memory. A promising mitigation effort consists of integrating crossbar arrays of analogue memories in the Back-End-Of-Line, to store the NN parameters and efficiently perform the required synaptic operations. The "" algorithm was developed to facilitate NN training in the presence of device nonidealities.

Determination of highly polar anionic pesticides in beehive products by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.

The analysis of highly polar pesticides is challenging due to their unique physicochemical properties, requiring specialized chromatographic techniques for their accurate and sensitive detection. Furthermore, the high level of co-extracted polar matrix components that can co-elute with the analytes can interfere with the analysis. Consequently, there is lack of pesticide monitoring data, as the European Food Safety Authority has pointed out.

A LC-MS/MS procedure for the analysis of 19 perfluoroalkyl substances in food fulfilling recent EU regulations requests.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic, stable, fluorinated molecules widely used in consumer products. They are non-biodegradable, persistent and bio-accumulating. In 2020 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) lowered the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) for the four PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS) and in 2022, the EU issued a Recommendation asking to monitor twenty-one PFASs in food.

Brominated flame retardants (PBDEs and HBCDs) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Central Italy.

Twenty-six samples of wild boar liver and muscle from the Central Apennine Mountain (Italy) were analysed for 19 perfluoro-alkyl substances (PFASs), 10 polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and 3 hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs). All samples were analysed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for PBDEs and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for PFASs and HBCDs, using an in-house developed analytical procedure. The brominated flame retardants (BFR) levels in livers were negligible: ΣPBDEs reached a maximum value of 0.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs): An optimized LC-MS/MS procedure for feed analysis.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are extremely stable highly fluorinated aliphatic compounds, widely used in chemical and industrial applications since 1950s. They are ubiquitously detected in the environment and diet is the main route for human exposure. To ensure human safety, it is necessary to follow the whole food production chain, including animal feed.

Risk Characterization and Benefit-Risk Assessment of Brominated Flame Retardant in Commercially Exploited Freshwater Fishes and Crayfish of Lake Trasimeno, Italy.

Among brominated flame retardants (BFRs), polybrominateddiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were the most widely used in past decades. BFRs not being chemically bonded to polymers means they can easily leach from the products into the environment and bioaccumulate. Humans are exposed to flame retardants mainly through food consumption, especially fish and fish products.

Heavy metal spatial and temporal trends (2008-2018) in clams and mussel from Adriatic Sea (Italy): Possible definition of forecasting models.

In 2008-2018, 1458 georeferenced samples of clams and 343 of mussels were harvested in Italy from classified areas along Marche coast and analyzed within food-safety monitoring plans. Pb, Cd, V, Ni, Cr, and As median levels (mg kg) were 0.09, 0.

BFRs (PBDEs and HBCDs) in freshwater species from Lake Trasimeno (Italy): The singular case of HBCDs in red swamp crayfish.

Eighty-six samples belonging to five different species (crucian carp, Carassius carassius; European perch, Perca fluviatilis; tench, Tinca tinca; eel, Anguilla anguilla; red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii) collected from Lake Trasimeno (Italy) were analyzed to assess polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) contamination. The Trasimeno is the largest Italian peninsular lake located in Umbria (Central Italy), in a rural area with low anthropogenic impact. All the samples were analyzed by an in-house developed analytical procedure involving a single sample preparation with dual detection: Gas- and Liquid-Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS for PBDEs and LC-MS/MS for HBCDs).

Single sample preparation for brominated flame retardants in fish and shellfish with dual detection: GC-MS/MS (PBDEs) and LC-MS/MS (HBCDs).

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in fish, shellfish and muscle of terrestrial animals was developed as an extension of a previously validated method for PBDE analysis. A single sample preparation based on QuEChERS-like extraction and a two-step clean-up, followed by a dual instrumental detection, was implemented. GC-MS/MS was used for PBDEs and LC-MS/MS for HBCDs.