Higher Intake of Nutrients with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects among Children with Cow's Milk Allergy According to the Degree of Elimination.

Children with cow's milk allergy (CMA) have lower bone mineral density and shorter height than children without CMA or non-food allergy (FA), and their final height is also affected. Appropriate nutritional guidance for CMA children is therefore needed. The purpose of this study was to conduct a dietary survey of CMA children and to compare their characteristics according to the degree of elimination.

Eating Slowly Is Associated with Undernutrition among Community-Dwelling Adult Men and Older Adult Women.

The double burden of malnutrition refers to the co-occurrence of overweight and obesity and undernutrition. Eating quickly has been linked to overweight and obesity. However, no study has examined the association between eating speed and undernutrition.

The Impact of Diet Type on Weight Loss in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

Objectives: To compare differences in weight loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease on normal, diabetic, or texture-modified diets.

Methods: This prospective interventional study examined the data of patients with Alzheimer's disease who were admitted to a long-term care hospital in Japan from February to April 2013. Dietary elements and weight loss over a 3-month period were examined.

Polypharmacy is associated with malnutrition and activities of daily living disability among daycare facility users: A cross-sectional study.

Polypharmacy influences malnutrition and activities of daily living (ADL) in older individuals owing to side effects such as anorexia. This study aimed to examine whether polypharmacy (5 or more drugs) is associated with malnutrition and ADL disability among daycare facility users.This cross-sectional study was performed in a daycare facility specializing in rehabilitation.

Very Long-Term Treatment with a Probiotic Preparation, Strain Shirota, Suppresses Weight Loss in the Elderly.

Weight loss, often observed in the elderly, is associated with increased risks of various diseases. No large and long-term human study has been conducted to demonstrate the health maintenance-related effects of lactic acid bacteria preparations. To reveal the potential benefit of long-term lactic acid, the effects of bacteria-based probiotics for health maintenance were examined.

Effect of physical fitness on colorectal tumor development in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Although accumulated epidemiological evidence indicates that a good physical fitness level may prevent the development of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC), few studies have examined the effect of physical fitness level on familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between physical fitness and CRC development in patients with FAP.A total of 119 patients (54 male; 65 female) with FAP, aged 17 to 73 years, underwent a step test to induce exercise stress.

Proposal for preventing malnutrition in individuals on a texture-modified diet.

Background: The energy and protein provided by texture-modified diets decreases dramatically as the stage increases. To prevent malnutrition in individuals on texture-modified diets, nutrition management detailing the amount of energy and protein required and consumed is needed; however, this has not yet progressed.

Aim: To consider the factors responsible for the lack of progress in nutrition management.

Relationship between tooth loss, low masticatory ability, and nutritional indices in the elderly: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Low masticatory ability and the resulting decrease in intake of masticable foods can result in undernutrition. The present study investigated the relationship between tooth loss, low masticatory ability, and nutritional indices in the elderly.

Methods: The data analyzed in this study were retrieved from the baseline data of the 2007 Fujiwara-kyo study, a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling elderly individuals.

Impact of Diarrhea after Drinking on Colorectal Tumor Risk: A Case Control Study.

Background: Recently, the number of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases in Japan has been increasing, and is strongly influenced by alcohol consumption. On the other hand, there are several reports suggesting a relationship between bowel movement (constipation and diarrhea) and CRC development. Moreover, it is generally known that diarrhea may occur after drinking.

Higher enterococcus counts indicate a lower risk of colorectal adenomas: a prospective cohort study.

Intestinal bacteria play an important role in human health. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the relationship between the abundance of different intestinal bacteria and the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Fecal samples from CRC patients ( 157) were collected at the start of the study wherein patients subsequently underwent endoscopy to remove polyps.

Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and the Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight or Obesity in a General Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA2010.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) imbalances in developed and developing countries may result in individuals being overweight and obese. However, few studies have investigated this issue in Japan. We herein examined the relationship between SES and being underweight, overweight or obese according to sex and age groups (20-64 or ≥65 years) in Japan.

Accuracy of the visual estimation method as a predictor of food intake in Alzheimer's patients provided with different types of food.

Background & Aims: The visual estimation method is commonly used in hospitals and other care facilities to evaluate food intake through estimation of plate waste. In Japan, no previous studies have investigated the validity and reliability of this method under the routine conditions of a hospital setting. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the visual estimation method, in long-term inpatients with different levels of eating disability caused by Alzheimer's disease.

Endoscopic management of familial adenomatous polyposis in patients refusing colectomy.

Background And Study Aims: Colectomy protects against colorectal cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP); however, some patients with FAP refuse surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic management of these patients.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed to identify adult patients with FAP who refused colectomy and were managed by repeated colonoscopies to remove numerous polyps between 2001 and 2012.

Coffee prevents proximal colorectal adenomas in Japanese men: a prospective cohort study.

This prospective cohort study aimed to show that coffee prevents the recurrence of colorectal tumors (adenomas, precursors of colorectal cancer, and early-stage colorectal cancers) as well as colorectal cancer. The present study included 307 patients who participated in a clinical study that required endoscopy to remove a colorectal tumor. The amount of coffee consumed by the patients at study inclusion and the frequency of colorectal tumors, as detected by colonoscopy over the subsequent 4 years, were assessed.

Preventive effects of low-dose aspirin on colorectal adenoma growth in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

There are several reports of clinical trials of aspirin in sporadic colon cancer. However, only one double-blind trial of aspirin in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) has been reported to date. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was therefore performed to evaluate the influence of low-dose aspirin enteric-coated tablets (100 mg/day for 6-10 months) in 34 subjects with FAP (17 each in the aspirin and placebo groups).

Significance of fecal deoxycholic acid concentration for colorectal tumor enlargement.

Deoxycholic acid (DCA) has been shown to promote proliferation of colonic carcinoma cells in many fundamental studies. However, no large-scale prospective clinical study providing direct evidence for an association of DCA with progress of colorectal tumor development in humans has been reported to date. To address this question, we conducted a two-step epidemiological study applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to measure fecal cholic acid (CA) and DCA concentrations.

Evaluation of epidemiological studies of intestinal bacteria that affected occurrence of colorectal cancer: studies of prevention of colorectal tumors by dairy products and lactic acid bacteria.

Enviromental factors have been consistently associated with colon cancer risk. In particular, consumption of Western-style diet including red meat is the most widely accepted etiologic risk factor. It has been reported that dietary factors change the proportion of intestinal flora, and it also affects the composition of fecal bile acids and the intestinal activity of some mutagens.

Excessive fat restriction might promote the recurrence of colorectal tumors.

The incidence of colorectal cancer is rapidly increasing in Japan. This trend has been suggested to be caused by an increasing fat intake as a result of the Westernized diet among Japanese. We investigated whether dietary instruction optimizing the fat energy ratio suppresses the recurrence of colorectal tumors.

Effect of Lactobacillus casei on Streptococcus bovis in faecal flora.

Bacteraemia caused by Streptococcus bovis is often associated with colorectal tumours. Also, experimental studies have been proposed that S bovis acts as a promoter of tumours. We report the case of a man with colon adenoma who had a high proportion of S bovis in his faecal flora.

Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer in Japan: a brief introduction to current clinical trials.

The rapidly increasing incidence of colorectal cancer in Japan poses a great challenge to researchers to develop preventive strategies against this disease. Thus far, several clinical trials for this purpose have been planned in Japanese subjects; some have been completed and documented while others are still ongoing. Also, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan recognizes the significance of cancer prevention studies, especially against colorectal cancer, including it as one of the pillars in the "Third Research Project on General Strategies against Cancer" and funding several large-scale projects.

Randomized trial of dietary fiber and Lactobacillus casei administration for prevention of colorectal tumors.

The epidemiologic evidence that dietary fiber protects against colorectal cancer is equivocal. No large-scale clinical study of the administration of Lactobacillus casei has been reported. We examined whether dietary fiber and L.

Study of Prevention of Colorectal Cancer through Lifestyle Modification: an Introduction to the Protocol.

Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that lack of exercise and a high fat diet increase the risk of colorectal cancer. We planned a clinical trial to test these propositions, using subjects with multiple colorectal adenomas and/or carcinomas. Enrolment in this study was conducted in two stages.