Database study of risk factors for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a statistical analysis of 2359 cases over 10 years.

Purpose: Identifying risk factors for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is crucial for its prevention, necessitating large-scale epidemiological studies. Despite their suitability for large-scale surveys, to our knowledge, databases have not been the basis of any study done to investigate BCRL risk factors. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that a database-based study would be useful for identifying BCRL risk factors.

Application of motion prediction based on a long short-term memory network for imaging dose reduction in real-time tumor-tracking radiation therapy.

Purpose: To demonstrate the possibility of using a lower imaging rate while maintaining acceptable accuracy by applying motion prediction to minimize the imaging dose in real-time image-guided radiation therapy.

Methods: Time-series of three-dimensional internal marker positions obtained from 98 patients in liver stereotactic body radiation therapy were used to train and test the long-short-term memory (LSTM) network. For real-time imaging, the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the prediction on three-dimensional marker position made by LSTM, the residual motion of the target under respiratory-gated irradiation, and irradiation efficiency were evaluated.

Enrichment using speech latencies improves treatment effect size in a clinical trial of bipolar depression.

Clinical trials in depression lack objective measures. Speech latencies are an objective measure of psychomotor slowing with face validity and empirical support. 'Turn latency' is the response time between speakers.

Evaluating speech latencies during structured psychiatric interviews as an automated objective measure of psychomotor slowing.

We sought to derive an objective measure of psychomotor slowing from speech analytics during a psychiatric interview to avoid potential burden of dedicated neurophysiological testing. Speech latency, which reflects response time between speakers, shows promise from the literature. Speech data was obtained from 274 subjects with a diagnosis of bipolar I depression enrolled in a randomized, doubleblind, 6-week phase 2 clinical trial.

A clinical trial inclusion criteria to enrich for patients presenting with canonical symptom structure in bipolar depression.

Clinical drug development in psychiatry is challenging due to heterogeneous patient populations and the uncertainty of measuring neuropsychiatric constructs with symptom rating scales. Here we describe the development and implementation of an enrichment algorithm that identifies canonical versus anomalous symptom presentations, at the individual subject level, based on MADRS ratings obtained at screening and baseline. Data from 5 randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials in bipolar I disorder was used (N = 2026 subjects and 15,239 MADRS assessments).

Estimating heterogeneity of treatment effect in psychiatric clinical trials.

Currently, placebo-controlled clinical trials report mean change and effect sizes, which masks information about heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE). Here, we present a method to estimate HTE and evaluate the null hypothesis (H) that a drug has equal benefit for all participants (HTE=0). We developed measure termed 'estimated heterogeneity of treatment effect' or which estimates variability in drug response by comparing distributions between study arms.

Predictors of hospital mortality and multidrug-resistant pathogens in hospitalized pneumonia patients residing in the community.

Background And Objective: The 2019 ATS/ADSA guidelines for adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) eliminated healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) and considered it to be a form of CAP. This concept, however, was based on studies with relatively small sample sizes.

Methods: We investigated the risk factors of 30-day mortality, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and infections in patients with pneumonia coming from the community using the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, a nationwide discharge database of acute care hospitals.

Wavefront restoration from lateral shearing data using spectral interpolation.

Although a lateral-shear interferometer is robust against optical component vibrations, its interferogram provides information about differential wavefronts rather than the wavefronts themselves, resulting in the loss of specific frequency components. Previous studies have addressed this limitation by measuring four interferograms with different shear amounts to accurately restore the two-dimensional wavefront. This study proposes a technique that employs spectral interpolation to reduce the number of required interferograms.

The Effects of Hospital Volume on Short-Term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Large-Scale Analysis of 37,821 Cases on a Nationwide Administrative Database.

Introduction: Laparoscopic low anterior resection (L-LAR) has become widely accepted for the treatment of rectal cancer. However, little is known about the superiority of L-LAR in a real-world setting (including low-volume hospitals) and the association between the short-term outcomes and hospital volume focusing on L-LAR.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Research to inform health systems' responses to rapid population ageing: a collection of studies funded by the WHO Centre for Health Development in Kobe, Japan.

Population ageing is a global phenomenon that has profound implications for all aspects of health systems development. Research is needed to understand and improve the health system response to this demographic shift, especially in low- and middle-income countries where the change is happening rapidly. This Supplement was organized by the WHO Centre for Health Development in Kobe, Japan (WHO Kobe Centre) whose mission is to promote innovation and research for equitable and sustainable universal health coverage considering the impacts of population ageing.

End-to-End Convolutional Neural Network Model to Detect and Localize Myocardial Infarction Using 12-Lead ECG Images without Preprocessing.

In recent years, many studies have proposed automatic detection and localization techniques for myocardial infarction (MI) using the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Most of them applied preprocessing to the ECG signals, e.g.

Assessment of Negative Symptoms in Clinical Trials of Acute Schizophrenia: Test of a Novel Enrichment Strategy.

Drug trials for negative symptoms in schizophrenia select patients based on the severity and stability of negative symptoms, using criteria that are not suitable for trials of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Here we present a method to prognostically enrich subjects having a predefined factor structure in PANSS and apply it to the measurement of negative symptoms specifically in trials of acute schizophrenia. A vector of 1335 elements based on between- and within-item variances, covariances, and differences of PANSS items was created to calculate an index of heterogeneity and to enrich for a predetermined symptom construct in PANSS.

[Influence of the Deviation Value of High Schools on the Geographical Distribution of Medical Doctors in Japan: A Cross Sectional Study].

Various efforts have been made in recent years to deal with the uneven distribution of medical doctors in Japan, but very few studies have paid attention to the influence of local education level. In this study, we investigated the relationship between regional education levels and the uneven distribution of doctors. We conducted a multiple linear regression analysis, setting the number of doctors per 100 thousand population per Health Care Region (HCR) as the outcome variable, and the number of high schools whose deviation value is 60 or more, the number of clinics per 100 thousand population, the number of beds per 100 thousand people, the population aging rate, the rate of treatment (outpatient), the density of population and the existence of medical schools as the explanatory variables.

Seaweed Dietary Fiber Sodium Alginate Suppresses the Migration of Colonic Inflammatory Monocytes and Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome via the Gut Microbiota.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disorder that affects approximately one billion people worldwide. Recent studies have evaluated whether targeting the gut microbiota can prevent MetS. This study aimed to assess the ability of dietary fiber to control MetS by modulating gut microbiota composition.

Technical Note: Range verification of pulsed proton beams from fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator by means of time-of-flight measurement of ionoacoustic waves.

Purpose: Ionoacoustics is one of the promising approaches to verify the beam range in proton therapy. However, the weakness of the wave signal remains a main hindrance to its application in clinics. Here we studied the potential use of a fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator (FFA), one of the accelerator candidates for future proton therapy.

Pediatric Fulminant Myocarditis in Japan: A Retrospective Nationwide Database Study of Hospital Volume, Management Practices, and Mortality.

Objectives: Pediatric fulminant myocarditis is a subset of pediatric acute myocarditis associated with critical illness. We aimed to compare mortality and other outcomes such as length of hospital stay between pediatric fulminant myocarditis and nonfulminant myocarditis. For the subgroup of patients with fulminant myocarditis, we also aimed to describe the current management practices and evaluate the impact of clinically relevant factors, including hospital case volume, on mortality.

On-line range verification for proton beam therapy using spherical ionoacoustic waves with resonant frequency.

In contrast to conventional X-ray therapy, proton beam therapy (PBT) can confine radiation doses to tumours because of the presence of the Bragg peak. However, the precision of the treatment is currently limited by the uncertainty in the beam range. Recently, a unique range verification methodology has been proposed based on simulation studies that exploit spherical ionoacoustic waves with resonant frequency (SPIREs).

Correction to: Systolic modified Look-Locker inversion recovery myocardial T1 mapping improves the accuracy of T1 and extracellular volume fraction measurements of patients with high heart rate or atrial fibrillation.

The article "Systolic modified Look-Locker inversion recovery myocardial T1 mapping improves.

Systolic modified Look-Locker inversion recovery myocardial T1 mapping improves the accuracy of T1 and extracellular volume fraction measurements of patients with high heart rate or atrial fibrillation.

Image data for T1 mapping are generally acquired during mid-diastole period. However, T1 mapping tends to fail for patients with high heart rate or atrial fibrillation because of short or irregular R-R interval. Focusing on the evidence that the timing of systole is more stable than that of diastole from the R wave, we compared systolic T1 mapping with conventional diastolic T1 mapping for all participants (n = 58) by visual scoring of T1 calculation error.

An analysis of equity in treatment of hip fractures for older patients with dementia in acute care hospitals: observational study using nationwide hospital claims data in Japan.

Background: Globally, and particularly in countries with rapidly ageing populations like Japan, there are growing concerns over the heavy burden of ill health borne by older people, and the capacity of the health system to ensure their access to quality care. Older people with dementia may face even greater barriers to appropriate care in acute care settings. Yet, studies about the care quality for older patients with dementia in acute care settings are still few.

Incidence and In-Hospital Mortality of Neonatal Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Japan: An Observational Study of a Nationwide Hospital Claims Database.

This study aimed to estimate the incidence and prognosis of neonatal disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in Japan by analyzing data retrieved from a national administrative database. Clinically, the prognosis of DIC in neonates is poor, but there is little epidemiological data in Japan. This retrospective observational study identified patients diagnosed with neonatal DIC and who were registered in the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination (DPC) database between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2016.

Equality of Treatment for Hip Fracture Irrespective of Regional Differences in Socioeconomic Status: Analysis of Nationwide Hospital Claims Data in Japan.

Despite the wide variety of international evidence on the relationship between the socioeconomic status (SES) and health outcomes, less is known about the association between SES and healthcare provider practices. We assessed whether patients with a closed hip fracture were treated differently by hospital physicians according to the SES of their residential areas in Japan. Hip fracture is a common cause of hospitalization among the elderly, but the relationship between SES and hip fracture treatment remains unknown in Japan.

Specific interactions between 2-trans enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and its ligand: Protein-ligand docking and ab initio fragment molecular orbital calculations.

2-trans enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) has been identified as a promising target for the development of novel chemotherapy for tuberculosis. In the present study, a series of heteroaryl benzamide derivatives were selected as potent inhibitors against InhA, and their binding properties with InhA were investigated at atomic and electronic levels by ab initio molecular simulations based on protein-ligand docking, classical molecular mechanics optimizations and ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) calculations. The results evaluated by FMO highlight some key interactions between InhA and the derivatives, indicating that the most potent derivative has strong hydrogen bonds with the Met98 side chain of InhA and strong electrostatic interactions with the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide cofactor.

Molecular Phylogeny of the Family Capitellidae (Annelida).

Capitellids have emerged as monophyletic in most but not all recent molecular phylogenies, indicating that more extensive taxon sampling is necessary. In addition, monophyly of most or all capitellid genera was questionable, as some diagnostic characters vary ontogenetically within individuals. We tested the monophyly of Capitellidae and eight capitellid genera using phylogenetic analyses of combined 18S, 28S, H3, and COI gene sequences from 36 putative capitellid species.