Effects of a propofol--ketamine admixture in human volunteers.

As the ideal sedative does not exist for all situations, particularly in settings with limited resources, the effect of a propofol-ketamine combination in human volunteers was examined. Eleven American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I volunteers were administered propofol at a loading dose of 1 mg/kg and two minutes later by 0.7 mg/kg of ketamine.

The effects of epinephrine in local anesthetics on plasma catecholamine and hemodynamic responses.

In order to clarify the influence of epinephrine in local anesthetics on endogenous epinephrine, we examined the concentration of plasma catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and hemodynamics by administering 4 ml of 2% lidocaine containing different concentrations of epinephrine. Forty-three healthy adult male volunteers were divided into five groups according to epinephrine concentration: 0-microg (group I), 10-microg (group II), 20-microg (group III), 40-microg (group IV), and 50-microg (group V). The parameters were examined immediately, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min after the injection.

Sedation in Japanese dental schools.

There is very little information about the practice of sedation in Japan. Despite the remarkable advances in dentistry, fear and anxiety continue to be significant deterrents for seeking dental services. Most dental procedures can fortunately be undertaken with the aid of sedation.

Effects of a midazolam-ketamine admixture in human volunteers.

As the ideal sedative does not exist for all situations, we examined the effect of a midazolam-ketamine sedoanalgesic admixture in human volunteers. Ten ASA physical status I volunteers were administered loading doses of 0.07 mg/kg of midazolam followed by 0.

Usefulness of measuring plasma cytokines in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

We determined the intra- and postoperative plasma concentrations of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-Alpha, interleukin [IL]-1Beta, IL-6, and IL-8) in oral surgery patients with procedures ranging in duration from 20 to 375 min and investigated their relationship to the intensity of the surgical stress over time. No significant differences from baseline levels were observed in the levels of TNF-Alpha, IL-1Beta, and IL-8. By contrast, increased IL-6 levels were noted only on the first postoperative day, when they reached 1500% of the baseline level, after which they decreased to preoperative levels by the third postoperative day and tended to reflect the intensity of surgical stress.

The relationship of placement accuracy and insertion times for the laryngeal mask airway to the training of inexperienced dental students.

Any health care professional can be faced with a medical emergency in which the patient needs ventilatory support. Bag-valve-mask ventilation with the assistance of an oropharyngeal airway that uses 100% oxygen is currently the preferred method for artificial ventilation. This procedure is generally performed ineffectively by most dentists inexperienced in airway management.

BIS monitoring during midazolam and midazolam-ketamine conscious intravenous sedation for oral surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the bispectral index scale (BIS) would provide added benefit to established methods of monitoring conscious sedation with midazolam (M group) or midazolam supplemented with ketamine (MK group).

Study Design: BIS was prospectively and blindly examined in 22 patients receiving outpatient oral surgery with conscious sedation supplemented with local anesthesia.

Results: The average midazolam dose in the midazolam group over the treatment period was 0.