Rare Case of Non-Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Lacrimal Sac Treated with Surgery.

: The objective of this study was to present a rare case of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lacrimal sac (LS). Neoplasms of the lacrimal drainage system are extremely rare. These lesions are predominantly malignant and are associated with a high mortality rate.

PDT-Induced Activation Enhanced by Hormone Response to Treatment.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medical treatment with the use of a photosensitizing agent (PS), which, when activated by light, results in selective tissue damage with a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. PDT leads to the induction of an acute-phase response, which results in the involvement of adrenal glucocorticoid (GC) hormones. PDT, by activating the hormonal response, affects the treatment of cancer.

Non-eosinophilic asthma in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease.

Background: The cellular inflammatory pattern of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) is heterogeneous. However, data on the heterogeneity of non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA) with aspirin hypersensitivity are scanty. By examination of N-ERD patients based on clinical data and eicosanoid biomarkers we aimed to identify NEA endotypes potentially guiding clinical management.

Virtual rhinomanometry based on computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses in patients with nasal septum deviation a pilot study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the flow disturbances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique based on computed tomography (CT) to the results of active anterior rhinomanometry (RMM), in patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD).

Material And Methods: In 24 patients with NSD, RMM and CT of the paranasal sinuses were performed as a part of typical clinical management. For each patient, 3D models of air-filled spaces in the nasal cavity were created, based on CT images, and air flow simulations during inhalation were performed using CFD technique.

Characteristics of visits from otolaryngological patients before and during three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study.

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on healthcare systems around the world. The rapid spread of the virus caused several restrictions, including limited access to outpatient clinics. The purpose of the study was to compare the characteristics and reasons of the visits of otolaryngological patients conducted during the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic with those of the prepandemic period.

Association between Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Lyme Disease.

Objectives: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is defined as sensorineural hearing loss of 30 dB or more over at least three adjacent audiometric frequencies occurring within a 72-h period of time. One of the causes of SSNHL could be the progressive inflammatory state caused by an infection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SSNHL caused by various factors, most importantly those potentially related to Lyme disease.

Stability of ABR Wave V Threshold in Early Hearing Diagnostics in Children from Selected Groups at Risk of Congenital Hearing Loss.

<b>Introduction:</b> Upon hearing that the "little" patient has trouble with hearing, we are mostly interested in the level of his hearing threshold. When the child is in the first year of life, results can only be achieved by means of ABR test. Subsequent control tests, especially in children from the hearing loss risk groups selected in this study, show that the obtained outcomes are subject to fluctuations.

Esophageal Peristalsis Disorders in ALS Patients with Dysphagia.

To detect the variations of esophageal peristalsis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with predominantly bulbar or predominantly pseudobulbar clinical presentation by using esophageal manometry (EM). Fifteen ALS patients with pseudobulbar clinical presentation (PBP) and 13 patients with bulbar presentation (BP), fulfilling WFN Criteria, were studied. EM was performed in all subjects using a flexible catheter with solid-state transducers.

Effects of Biofeedback Training on Esophageal Peristalsis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients with Dysphagia.

Esophageal manometry (EM) could serve as an objective method for the detection of esophageal peristalsis in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this group of patients, biofeedback training (BT) using the EM procedure is a promising method for the rehabilitation of swallowing function. A total of 20 ALS patients with clinical evidence of dysphagia and who met WFN criteria were recruited for this study.

The Balloon-Based Manometry Evaluation of Swallowing in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

The aim of the study was to analyse the disturbances of the oro-pharyngeal swallowing phase of dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with the use of specific manometric measurements and to evaluate their plausible association with the duration of the disease. Seventeen patients with ALS were evaluated with manometric examinations of the oral and pharyngeal part of the gastrointestinal tract. Tests were carried out by using the oesophageal balloon-based method with four balloon transducers located 5 cm away from each other.

Postoperative bone conduction threshold changes in patients operated on for chronic otitis media--analysis.

Background: Postoperative hearing improvement is measured as Air-Bone gap changes. Changes in bone conduction threasholds as a results of otosurgery is also discussed.

Aim: We discuss factors that have influence on bone conduction threasholds changes in individuals operated due to chronic otitis media.

The Evaluation of Abnormal Voice Qualities in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Objective: Voice abnormalities are among the symptoms occurring in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). They are divergent and range from hoarseness, through the excessive adduction of false folds, up to the weakness of the vocal folds. The aim of the study was to analyze the phonatory function of the larynx in ALS patients.

Usefulness of a ventilation tube as a partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) in ossiculoplasty in patients with chronic otitis media.

Background: The principal objective of ossiculoplasty is to reconstruct the sound-conducting system in the ear to the best possible degree after the elimination of pathological lesions from the middle ear. The ossicular chain is reconstructed with the use of the patient's own properly modelled ossicles and synthetic prostheses. The objective of the study was to assess the degree of hearing improvement after tympanoplasty in patients for whom a ventilation tube was used as a partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP).

Type II tympanoplasty in chronic cholesteatoma and granulomatous otitis media - distant results of otosurgery.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of changes to the mucous in the middle ear on the outcome of the reconstruction of the ossicular chain exemplified by a type 2 tympanoplasty.

Material/methods: A prospective analysis was carried out with regard to patients operated on at the Otolaryngology Department at Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, between 2007 and 2011 due to conditions of the middle ear. The patients who had undergone surgical treatment for the first time because of chronic otitis media were taken into account.

[Response changes of inner ear observed after middle ear surgery].

Background: Relationship beetwen middle ear surgery and function of the inner ear is known. This problem is often discussed in determination of hearing improvement after otosurgery.

Aim: Usefulness of the click evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAE) in evaluation of the inner ear function and effectiveness of tympanoplasties is discussed.

[Extensive neck trauma in material of Otolaryngology Department of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow 2009-2012].

Isolated laryngeal fractures quite rarely can occur following trauma to the neck region, but because of the variety and dynamic growth of symptoms or possible injury of the main structures on the neck may be life-threatening. The appropriate treatment of these patients is quick surgical intervention proceeded by imaging techniques. Here we report the cases of three patients treated in our Department between 2009 and 2012: two of them with penetrating injury and one with blunt trauma.

Artificial neural network modelling of the results of tympanoplasty in chronic suppurative otitis media patients.

The application of computer modelling for medical purposes, although challenging, is a promising pathway for further development in the medical sciences. We present predictive neural and k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) models for hearing improvements after middle ear surgery for chronic otitis media. The studied data set comprised 150 patients characterised by the set of input variables: age, gender, preoperative audiometric results, ear pathology and details of the surgical procedure.

[Skull base defects in the middle and posterior cranial fossa with unchanged mucous lining middle ear spaces].

Background: Skull bone defects in the region of middle ear are usually observed in the cases of chronic otitis media. Such loses can also be congenital, posttraumatic, iatrogenic or due to hyperplasia. They can potentially lead to development of otogenic intracranial complications.

Bony wall damage in the region of the middle and posterior cranial fossa observed during otosurgery.

Background: Bony wall damages in the region of the middle and posterior cranial fossa are usually observed in cases of chronic otitis media. These defects can also be congenital, post-traumatic, iatrogenic or due to tumors. They can potentially lead to the development of intracranial complications.

[Endoscopic treatment of giant skull base osteomas].

Introduction: Osteomas are relatively common, benign, slow-growing neoplasms. Mainly occurring in frontal and ethmoid sinuses. Endoscopic surgery plays an important role in management of ethmoid, sphenoid and frontal osteomas.

A case of respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the sinonasal tract.

Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma is a rare, non-neoplastic tumour characterised by an abnormal mixture of tissues that are indigenous to the region. REAH are shiny, polypoid, exophytic masses with a rubbery to firm texture. They may arise and co-exist in the setting of inflammatory polyps.

[Isolated inverted papilloma of the sphenoid sinus - case report].

Background: Primary inverted papilloma of the sphenoid sinus is rare. The tumor is considered locally aggressive. In selected cases inverted papilloma can be associated with squamous cell carcinoma.

[Prognostic factors in patients operated on eardrum perforation with intact ossicular chain].

Background: Ear drum perforation is a typical feature in chronic otitis media. It can have posttraumatic etiology or it is observed in acute otitis media too.

Aim: This paper is intended to evaluate effectiveness of tympanic membrane reconstruction and indicate factors which have an influence on hearing improvement after myringoplasty.

[Neurothekeoma of the orbit].

Aim: The aim of this study was to present a rare benign tumour of neural origin located in the orbit.

Material And Methods: Authors describe case of six-year-old boy with tumour of the right orbit, upper eyelid and right zygomatic fossa. Medical history revealed gradually increasing in size, painless tumour.