Estimating Cognitive Workload Using Task-Related Pupillary Responses in Simulated Drilling in Cochlear Implantation.

Objectives: Training of temporal bone drilling requires more than mastering technical skills with the drill. Skills such as visual imagery, bimanual dexterity, and stress management need to be mastered along with precise knowledge of anatomy. In otorhinolaryngology, these psychomotor skills underlie performance in the drilling of the temporal bone for access to the inner ear in cochlear implant surgery.

Impact of virtual reality training on mastoidectomy performance: a prospective randomised study.

Purpose: The opportunities for surgical training and practice in the operating room are in decline due to limited resources, increased efficiency demands, growing complexity of the cases, and concerns for patient safety. Virtual reality (VR) offers a novel opportunity to enhance surgical training and provide complementary three-dimensional experience that has been usually available in the operating room. Since VR allows viewing and manipulation of realistic 3D models, the VR environment could enhance anatomical and topographical knowledge, in particular.

The effect of virtual reality on temporal bone anatomy evaluation and performance.

Purpose: There is only limited data on the application of virtual reality (VR) for the evaluation of temporal bone anatomy. The aim of the present study was to compare the VR environment to traditional cross-sectional viewing of computed tomography images in a simulated preoperative planning setting in novice and expert surgeons.

Methods: A novice (n = 5) and an expert group (n = 5), based on their otosurgery experience, were created.

Virtual reality improves the accuracy of simulated preoperative planning in temporal bones: a feasibility and validation study.

Purpose: Consumer-grade virtual reality (VR) has recently enabled various medical applications, but more evidence supporting their validity is needed. We investigated the accuracy of simulated surgical planning in a VR environment (VR) with temporal bones and compared it to conventional cross-sectional image viewing in picture archiving and communication system (PACS) interface.

Methods: Five experienced otologic surgeons measured significant anatomic structures and fiducials on five fresh-frozen cadaveric temporal bones in VR and cross-sectional viewing.