Ultrasonographical features of perinatal testicular torsion: an assessment of interobserver variability among radiologists and pediatric urologists.

Purpose: To retrospectively compare interpretations of Doppler ultrasound (US) in newborns with confirmed perinatal testicular torsion (PTT) by an experienced faculty (staff) pediatric radiologist (SPR), pediatric radiology fellow (PRF), pediatric urology fellow (PUF) and staff pediatric urologist (SPU).

Methods: US images of 27 consecutive males with PTT between May 2000 and July 2020 were retrieved. The testicles were classified as affected or non-affected by PTT.

Varicocoele in adolescence and testicular cancer in young adulthood.

Background: Elevated intrascrotal temperature has been suggested as a risk factor for testicular cancer, which is the most common neoplasm among young men. Varicocoele was linked to increased intrascrotal temperature, but whether it is associated with testicular cancer is unclear.

Objective: To explore the possible association between varicocoele at adolescence and the incidence of testicular cancer at adulthood.

Changing Trends in Surgical Management of Nephrolithiasis among Young Adults: A 15-Year Population-Based Study.

Background: Increases in obesity and diabetes rates among all ages have led to a greater prevalence of nephrolithiasis worldwide. We aimed to explore the changing trends in surgical management of nephrolithiasis in young adults over a 15 year period. Methods: We reviewed medical records of military personnel for information on the diagnosis and care of nephrolithiasis before and during active service between 2007−2021, divided into three 5 year periods: 2007−2011, 2012−2016, and 2017−2021.

Perinatal testicular torsion: The clear cut, the controversial, and the "quiet" scenarios.

Background: Perinatal testicular torsion (PTT) is a catastrophic event that occurs in utero or up to 30 days postnatally, with testicular loss being the most common outcome.

Objective: To assess clinical evaluation, surgical management and clinical outcomes in patients with PTT in a quaternary referral pediatric center, to determine testicular salvageability and propose future management options.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of males born outside the quaternary center with a diagnosis of PTT, from May 2000 to July 2020.

Is the prognosis of congenital single functioning kidney benign? A population-based study.

Background: We investigated the risk of kidney injury among adolescents with and without a congenital single functioning kidney (SFK).

Methods: This retrospective study is based on a medical evaluation database of 17-year-old Israeli conscripts, born during 1989-1999. Those with congenital SFK diagnosis, verified by a pediatric nephrologist's review of the original military medical committee classifications, were compared to the rest of the cohort.

The Impact of Dietary Modifications and Medical Management on 24-Hour Urinary Metabolic Profiles and the Status of Renal Stone Disease in Recurrent Stone Formers.

Background: Dietary modifications and patient-tailored medical management are significant in controlling renal stone disease. Nevertheless, the literature regarding effectiveness is sparse.

Objectives: To explore the impact of dietary modifications and medical management on 24-hour urinary metabolic profiles (UMP) and renal stone status in recurrent kidney stone formers.

Delaying Urgent Exploration in Neonatal Testicular Torsion May Have Significant Consequences for the Contralateral Testis: A Critical Literature Review.

Objective: To assess the optimal management strategy for boys with neonatal testicular torsion (NTT) in the first 30 days of life, and to stratify outcomes for prenatal, postnatal, unilateral, synchronous, and asynchronous events METHODS: All articles including case reports published between 1946 and 2020 in Embase/Scopus/Medline/Pubmed and Web of Science that had a defined diagnosis of NTT within the first 30 days of life were reviewed. Data and outcomes were analyzed individually, and together as pooled data, using a random effect model.

Results: There was a total of 152 studies representing 1336 patients.

Childhood Cancer and the Risk of ESKD.

Background: Increasing cancer incidence among children alongside improved treatments has resulted in a growing number of pediatric cancer survivors. Despite childhood cancer survivors' exposure to various factors that compromise kidney function, few studies have investigated the association between childhood cancer and future kidney disease.

Methods: To assess the risk of ESKD among childhood cancer survivors, we conducted a nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study that encompassed all Israeli adolescents evaluated for mandatory military service from 1967 to 1997.

Acute pyelonephritis in children and the risk of end-stage kidney disease.

Background: Pyelonephritis is the most common serious bacterial infection during childhood. The long-term importance of kidney scarring is unclear.

Objective: To assess the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in adolescents and young adults with history of pyelonephritis.

Kidney failure risk in type 1 vs. type 2 childhood-onset diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is becoming increasingly common among children. We aimed to estimate the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESKD) and mortality among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and normal renal function compared with non-diabetics. We hypothesized that childhood onset T1DM vs.

Management of Pancreatic Injuries Following Nephrectomy.

Background: Pancreatic injuries during nephrectomy are rare, despite the relatively close anatomic relation between the kidneys and the pancreas. The data regarding the incidence and outcome of pancreatic injuries are scarce.

Objectives: To assess the frequency and the clinical significance of pancreatic injuries during nephrectomy.

Renal trauma: the current best practice.

The kidneys are the most vulnerable genitourinary organ in trauma, as they are involved in up to 3.25% of trauma patients. The most common mechanism for renal injury is blunt trauma (predominantly by motor vehicle accidents and falls), while penetrating trauma (mainly caused by firearms and stab wound) comprise the rest.

Secondary enuresis and urological manifestations in children with ataxia telangiectasia.

Background: Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a neurodegenerative cerebellar disorder, caused by mutations in the ATM gene, involved in DNA repair. Radiosensitivity, progressive ataxia, immune deficiency and malignancies, are well known symptoms, but urological manifestations are scarcely described.

Objective: To characterize urologic manifestations in a large cohort of AT patients.

Robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: assistant's seniority has no influence on perioperative course.

An experienced surgical team, in general, and the surgeon assistant in particular are believed to play a critical role in the operation's safety and success. We sought to explore whether the assistant's seniority influences perioperative course following robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). We reviewed our prospective registry database of RALP cases performed by a single surgeon who during the study period was beyond his learning curve.

Urothelial-based reconstructive surgery for upper- and mid-ureteral defects: Long-term results.

Introduction: Ureteral strictures can result in obstructive nephropathy and renal function deterioration. Surgical management of ureteral defects, especially in the proximal- and mid-ureter, is particularly challenging. Our purpose was to analyze the long-term outcomes of urothelial-based reconstructive surgery for upper- and mid-ureteral defects.

The relative contribution of urine extravasation to elevate plasma creatinine levels in acute unilateral ureteral obstruction.

Introduction: Rising levels of plasma creatinine in the setting of acute unilateral ureteral obstruction (AUUO) often reflects acute renal failure, mandating kidney drainage. We hypothesize that re-absorption of peri-renal urine extravasation (PUE), a common result of UUO, contributes significantly to the elevation in plasma creatinine, rendering the latter an inaccurate benchmark for renal function. We explored this hypothesis in a rat model of AUUO and PUE.

Physiological and cognitive military related performances after 10-kilometer march.

Background: Prior operational activities such as marching in diverse environments, with heavy backloads may cause early fatigue and reduce the unit's readiness. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate the effect of 10-kilometer (km) march on selected, military oriented, physiological and cognitive performances. Eight healthy young males (age 25 ± 3 years) performed a series of cognitive and physiological tests, first without any prior physiological strain and then after a 10 km march in comfort laboratory conditions (24°C, 50%RH) consisting a 5 km/h speed and 2-6% incline with backload weighing 30% of their body weight.

Preparation of medical personnel for an early response humanitarian mission - lessons learned from the Israeli defense forces field hospital in the Philippines.

Introduction: Humanitarian aid provision and early medical response missions to areas ravaged by natural disasters are as essential nowadays as in the past, and medical personnel play a pivotal role in these delegations.

Case Description: In November 2013, tropical cyclone Haiyan (Yolanda) slammed the Philippines archipelago, leaving more than an estimated 6000 dead in its wake while demolishing vital infrastructure and affecting the life of an estimated 25 million locals. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) rapidly constructed and sent a humanitarian aid delegation which included a field hospital deployment with medical capabilities from diverse specialty fields.

Eye injury in the Israeli Defense Force: "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure".

Background: The eye occupies 0.1% of the total body surface yet it accounts for 8-13% of battle injuries in modern warfare worldwide. Protective eyewear can prevent over 90% of these eye injuries in both military and civilian settings.

Ethical and clinical dilemmas in patients with head and neck tumors visiting a field hospital in the Philippines.

Objective: To describe clinical and ethical dilemmas in patients presenting with head and neck (H&N) tumors to a field hospital in the "subacute" period following a typhoon.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed charts of H&N patients presenting to an integrated Israeli-Filipino medical facility, which was operated more than 11 days.

Results: Of the 1,844 adult patients examined, 85 (5 percent) presented with H&N tumors.

Variation in tibial functionality and fracture susceptibility among healthy, young adults arises from the acquisition of biologically distinct sets of traits.

Physiological systems like bone respond to many genetic and environmental factors by adjusting traits in a highly coordinated, compensatory manner to establish organ-level function. To be mechanically functional, a bone should be sufficiently stiff and strong to support physiological loads. Factors impairing this process are expected to compromise strength and increase fracture risk.

The effect of prolonged physical activity performed during extreme caloric deprivation on cardiac function.

Background: Endurance exercise may induce transient cardiac dysfunction. Data regarding the effect of caloric restriction on cardiac function is limited. We studied the effect of physical activity performed during extreme caloric deprivation on cardiac function.