The fundamental motor skill proficiency among Polish primary school-aged children: A nationally representative surveillance study.

Objectives: With the premise that physical education classes should promote physical activity by teaching and learning fundamental motor skills, this study aimed to evaluate the fundamental motor skill proficiency of primary school students and determine the level of achievement of established learning outcomes for fundamental motor skills, as specified in the Polish National Physical Education Curriculum.

Design And Methods: A cross-sectional design was used for this study. The sample consisted of 2605 children and adolescents enrolled in grades 1-3 (ages 7-9, n = 1165), 4-6 (ages 10-12, n = 837), and 7-8 (ages 13-14, n = 603), including 1353 boys and 1252 girls.

The fus test: a promising tool for evaluating fundamental motor skills in children and adolescents.

Fundamental motor skills (FMS) are essential for enjoyable, confident and skillful participation in physical activity across the lifespan. Due to the alarming low level of FMS proficiency in children and adolescents worldwide, the development of motor competency is an urgent issue for physical education. The promotion and implementation of a systematic process of teaching and learning FMS should be a physical education priority.

Fluid intake at work in foresters working in different thermal conditions.

The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of fluid intake on hydration status indices in men at work. The secondary aim was to determine the type of fluids drunk at work in different thermal conditions. Fifty-nine male foresters were examined before and after one working day during summer, autumn, and winter.

Ergo, SMIRK is safe: a safety case for a machine learning component in a pedestrian automatic emergency brake system.

Integration of machine learning (ML) components in critical applications introduces novel challenges for software certification and verification. New safety standards and technical guidelines are under development to support the safety of ML-based systems, e.g.

Comment on "Structural, electrical, and multiferroic characteristics of lead-free multiferroic: Bi(CoTi)O-BiFeO solid solution" by N. Kumar, A. Shukla, N. Kumar, R. Choudhary and A. Kumar, , 2018, , 36939".

My comments concern the significant errors in the crystallographic part of the commented paper. It was found that the studied crystal is of the sillenite type and the correct formula should be BiFeO : Co,Ti instead of BiFeO. Moreover, the type of unit cell is not correct.

Effects of Age-of-Acquisition on Proficiency in Polish Sign Language: Insights to the Critical Period Hypothesis.

This study focuses on the relationship between the age of acquisition of Polish Sign Language (PJM) by deaf individuals and their receptive language skills at the phonological, morphological and syntactic levels. Sixty Deaf signers of PJM were recruited into three equal groups ( = 20): (1) a group exposed to PJM from birth from their deaf parents; (2) a group of childhood learners of PJM, who reported learning PJM between 4 and 8 years; (3) a group of adolescent learners of PJM, who reported learning PJM between 9 and 13 years. The PJM Perception and Comprehension Test was used to assess three aspects of language processing: phonological, morphological and syntactic.

Hydration Status in Men Working in Different Thermal Environments: A Pilot Study.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different seasons of the year and the time of day (before work vs. after work) on hydration status in men. The study involved sixty foresters who spent most of the work outdoors.

Pain threshold in selected trigger points of superficial muscles of the back in young adults.

Background: Monitoring of pain threshold is the basis for verification of the effectiveness of therapy or assessment of the patient's condition. This study aimed to determine the pain threshold of selected superficial muscles of the back taking into account trigger point activity in young and healthy males and females, with the evaluation of intrarater reliability of algometric measurements.

Material And Methods: The study examined 30 young adult participants (15 males and 15 females) aged 26.

The Extent of Task Specificity for Visual and Tactile Sequences in the Auditory Cortex of the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.

It has been proposed that the auditory cortex in the deaf humans might undergo task-specific reorganization. However, evidence remains scarce as previous experiments used only two very specific tasks (temporal processing and face perception) in visual modality. Here, congenitally deaf/hard of hearing and hearing women and men were enrolled in an fMRI experiment as we sought to fill this evidence gap in two ways.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians of the Polish Population (MPIIQM-P).

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians. MATERIAL AND METHODS The process consisted of the following stages: forward translation, backward translation, analysis by committee of experts, pretest of Polish-language version of questionnaire, and cross-cultural validation: psychometric evaluation. In the last step, a convenience sample of 31 professional orchestra musicians (professional experience 16.

High-Strength Suture Tape Augmentation Improves Cyclic Gap Formation in Transosseous Patellar Tendon Repair: A Biomechanical Study.

Purpose: To compare gap displacement at various intervals of cyclic testing and biomechanical load to failure of a Krackow patellar tendon repair augmented with high-strength suture tape versus the standard Krackow transosseous technique for inferior pole patellar tendon rupture.

Methods: Twelve matched pairs of cadaveric knees were used (8 males and 4 females; mean age 79.6 years, range 57 to 96).

Impact of Exercises and Chair Massage on Musculoskeletal Pain of Young Musicians.

Due to the occurrence among musicians of musculoskeletal problems associated with playing a musical instrument, it is necessary to use prophylaxis. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of two physioprophylaxis methods: chair massage and an original set of exercises. The study lasted four weeks and consisted of eight 15-min meetings (chair massage/exercises).

Molecular mechanisms of ethanol biotransformation: enzymes of oxidative and nonoxidative metabolic pathways in human.

Ethanol, as a small-molecule organic compound exhibiting both hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, quickly pass through the biological barriers. Over 95% of absorbed ethanol undergoes biotransformation, the remaining amount is excreted unchanged, mainly with urine and exhaled air.The main route of ethyl alcohol metabolism is its oxidation to acetaldehyde, which is converted into acetic acid with the participation of cytosolic NAD - dependent alcohol (ADH) and aldehyde (ALDH) dehydrogenases.

Utility of Novel Hypochromia and Microcythemia Markers in Classifying Hematological and Iron Status in Male Athletes.

In athletes, no reliable indices exist for an unambiguous evaluation of hematological and iron status. Therefore, the utility of some new red blood cell (RBC) parameters was explored in 931 elite male athletes aged 13-35 years. To diagnose iron status, the values of ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and basic blood morphology were determined in blood.

Ionic Porous Organic Polymers Based on Functionalized Tetraarylborates.

Lithium tetrakis(4-boronatoaryl)borates were subjected to polycondensation reactions with selected polyhydroxyl monomers such as 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) and 2,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9,10-dimethylanthracene (THDMA). Obtained boronate-type ionic porous polymers were characterized by PXRD, Li and B magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), FT-IR, SEM, and TGA. They exhibit relatively good sorption of H (up to 75 cm/g STP), whereas N uptake at 77 K for lower pressure range is relatively poor (up to 50 cm/g STP below / = 0.

Postural stability in Parkinson's disease patients' wives and in elderly women leading different lifestyles.

The study aimed to determine postural stability of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients' wives in comparison with women differing in their lifestyle. (PD) patients' wives ( = 44), homemakers ( = 41), and female students of the University of the Third Age ( = 43) performed balance tests on a stabilometric platform. The PD patients' wives were characterized by significantly ( < 0.

Message in a bottle: How evidence-based medicine and a programme change model improved asthma management in a low-income emergency department in Papua New Guinea.

Objective: To improve asthma care in a complex, low resource, developing country setting. This observational study was carried out in a challenging low-income real-life setting in the ED at Modilon Hospital, Papua New Guinea. The only government hospital in Madang Province, with 258 beds, it provides medical care to a population of nearly 700 000 people of whom 40% live on less than US$1.

Biological and Social Determinants of Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Adult Men.

The maximum rate of O uptake (V̇Omax) is one of the most important positive indicators of health. While the V̇Omax decreases with age, reducing the capacity for physical effort, it can be considerably upregulated through optimal environmental interventions, including systematic physical activity. This study seeks to determine variations in the cardiorespiratory function, estimated from the level of V̇Omax, in 798 employed men aged 20-59, according to biological (age, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and limb muscle strength and agility) and social (place of residence, education, occupation, economic status, and smoking) predictors.

Synthesis of tetraarylborates via tetralithio intermediates and the effect of polar functional groups and cations on their crystal structures.

A novel general protocol for the preparation of functionalized (COOH, CHO, C(O)NHtBu, B(OH)2) tetraphenyl- and tetrakis(4'-biphenylyl)borates is reported. It involves four-fold halogen-lithium exchange in potassium tetrakis(iodophenyl)borates and tetrakis(4'-bromobiphenylyl)borate) using t-BuLi in THF at -78 °C followed by treatment of the resulting tetralithio intermediates with electrophiles (CO2, DMF, t-BuNCO, B(OMe)3). X-ray crystal structures of ammonium tetrakis[4-(dihydroxyboryl)phenyl]borate, lithium tetrakis(3-carboxyphenyl)borate, and lithium tetrakis[4-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)phenyl]borate were determined showing a strong effect of the cation and polar functional group on supramolecular architecture.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Indole-Derived Thioureas.

A series of 2-(1-indol-3-yl)ethylthiourea derivatives were prepared by condensation of 2-(1-indol-3-yl)ethanamine with appropriate aryl/alkylisothiocyanates in anhydrous media. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis and the molecular structures of and were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. All obtained compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive cocci, Gram-negative rods and for antifungal activity.