Fatigue-induced Fos immunoreactivity within the lumbar cord and amygdala decreases after С fullerene pretreatment.

The fundamental aspects related to the mechanisms of action of C fullerene nanoparticles on the level of the central nervous system in different experimental conditions are still unclear. Electrophysiological investigation and immunohistochemical techniques of c-fos expression were combined to determine which neural elements within the lumbar segments and in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) are activated under skeletal muscle fatigue development with prior application of C fullerenes (dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and in distilled water, FDS). After high-frequency electrical stimulation of the triceps surae muscle, the main fatigue-related increases in the c-Fos expression level were registered ipsilaterally within lamina 1 and 5 of the lumbar segments and within the contralateral capsular part of the CeA.

C60 fullerenes increase the intensity of rotational movements in non‑anesthetized hemiparkinsonic rats.

The effect of C60 fullerene aqueous colloid solution (C60FAS) on the intensity of long‑lasting (persisting for one hour) rotational movements in non‑anesthetized rats was investigated. For this purpose, an experimental hemiparkinsonic animal model was used in the study. Rotational movements in hemiparkinsonic animals were initiated by the intraperitoneal administration of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine.

Cyclic movement execution and its influence on motor programmess.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to discover the relationship between the performance of different mechanical movements of rowers, and define its effect on the motor programs of the cyclic movement in athletes living in rural and urban areas.

Material And Methods: Twenty-two male rowers participated in the experiment using a rowing ergometer (Concept2, USA). The experiment consisted of 3 tests examining the maximal power of the pull-ups (MPbpu).

C Fullerene Prevents Restraint Stress-Induced Oxidative Disorders in Rat Tissues: Possible Involvement of the Nrf2/ARE-Antioxidant Pathway.

The effects of CFAS (50 and 500 g/kg) supplementation, in a normal physiological state and after restraint stress exposure, on prooxidant/antioxidant balance in rat tissues were explored and compared with the effects of the known exogenous antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Oxidative stress biomarkers (ROS, O·, HO, and lipid peroxidation) and indices of antioxidant status (MnSOD, catalase, GPx, GST, -GCL, GR activities, and GSH level) were measured in the brain and the heart. In addition, protein expression of Nrf2 in the nuclear and cytosol fractions as well as the protein level of antiradical enzyme MnSOD and GSH-related enzymes -GCLC, GPx, and GSTP as downstream targets of Nrf2 was evaluated by western blot analysis.

The Force Generation in a Two-Joint Arm Model: Analysis of the Joint Torques in the Working Space.

The two-segment model of the human arm is considered; the shoulder and elbow joint torques (JTs) are simulated, providing a slow, steady rotation of the force vector at any end-point of the horizontal working space. The sinusoidal waves describe the JTs, their periods coincide with that of the rotation, and phases are defined by the slopes of the correspondent lines from the joint axes to the end-point. Analysis of the JTs includes an application of the same discrete changes in one joint angle under fixation of the other one and vice versa; the JT pairs are compared for the "shoulder" and "elbow" end-point traces that pass under fixation of the elbow and shoulder angles, respectively.

Fos immunoreactivity in the intermediolateral nucleus induced by tendon vibration of the m. triceps surae in rats pretreated with a nitric oxide blocker or precursor.

We investigated neuronal activation of the rat intermediolateral (IML) nucleus of the thoracolumbar spinal cord, initiated by Achilles tendon vibration, after intramuscular (m. triceps surae) administration of 7‑nitroindazole (7‑NI) or L‑arginine (LA). The spindle afferent response to vibratory stimuli induced a distinct bilateral increase in the activation of c‑Fos immunoreactivity in the spinal neurons in three groups of rats (tendon‑vibrated, tendon‑vibrated + 7‑NI and tendon‑vibrated + LA).

C Fullerenes Diminish Muscle Fatigue in Rats Comparable to -acetylcysteine or β-Alanine.

The aim of this study is to detect the effects of C fullerenes, which possess pronounced antioxidant properties, in comparison with the actions of the known exogenous antioxidants -acetylcysteine (NAC) and β-Alanine in terms of exercise tolerance and contractile property changes of the () during development of the muscle fatigue in rats. The electrical stimulation of the muscle during four 30 min series in control rats led to total reduction of the muscle contraction force. Furthermore, the effects of prior intraperitoneal (i.

C fullerene as promising therapeutic agent for correcting and preventing skeletal muscle fatigue.

Background: Bioactive soluble carbon nanostructures, such as the C fullerene can bond with up to six electrons, thus serving by a powerful scavenger of reactive oxygen species similarly to many natural antioxidants, widely used to decrease the muscle fatigue effects. The aim of the study is to define action of the pristine C fullerene aqueous colloid solution (CFAS), on the post-fatigue recovering of m. triceps surae in anaesthetized rats.

The Movement- and Load-Dependent Differences in the EMG Patterns of the Human Arm Muscles during Two-Joint Movements (A Preliminary Study).

Slow circular movements of the hand with a fixed wrist joint that were produced in a horizontal plane under visual guidance during conditions of action of the elastic load directed tangentially to the movement trajectory were studied. The positional dependencies of the averaged surface EMGs in the muscles of the elbow and shoulder joints were compared for four possible combinations in the directions of load and movements. The EMG intensities were largely correlated with the waves of the force moment computed for a corresponding joint in the framework of a simple geometrical model of the system: arm - experimental setup.

The Averaged EMGs Recorded from the Arm Muscles During Bimanual "Rowing" Movements.

The main purpose was to analyze quantitatively the the average surface EMGs of the muscles that function around the elbow and shoulder joints of both arms in bimanual "rowing" movements, which were produced under identical elastic loads applied to the levers ("oars"). The muscles of PM group ("pulling" muscles: elbow flexors, shoulder extensors) generated noticeable velocity-dependent dynamic EMG components during the pulling and returning phases of movement and supported a steady-state activity during the hold phase. The muscles of RM group ("returning" muscles: elbow extensors, shoulder flexors) co-contracted with PM group during the movement phases and decreased activity during the hold phase.