Influence of ferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling on current-induced magnetization switching and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in Co/Pt/Co multilayer system.

This paper investigates the relationship among interlayer exchange coupling (IEC), Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI), and multilevel magnetization switching within a Co/Pt/Co heterostructure, where varying Pt thicknesses enable control over the coupling strength. Employing Brillouin Light Scattering to quantify the effective DMI, we explore its potential role in magnetization dynamics and multilevel magnetization switching. Experimental findings show four distinct resistance states under an external magnetic field and spin Hall effect related spin current.

Development and validation of a simple and efficient method for the analysis of commercial formulations containing clopyralid, picloram and aminopyralid as active ingredients.

Liquid chromatography plays a pivotal role in evaluating pesticide formulations as it enables the determination of multiple active substances in plant protection products. An adaptable separation technique has been developed, enabling the qualitative and quantitative analysis of clopyralid, picloram, and aminopyralid within pesticide formulations in line with SANCO/3030/99 rev. 5 guidelines.

Multi-state MRAM cells for hardware neuromorphic computing.

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) have been successfully applied in various sensing application and digital information storage technologies. Currently, a number of new potential applications of MTJs are being actively studied, including high-frequency electronics, energy harvesting or random number generators. Recently, MTJs have been also proposed in designs of new platforms for unconventional or bio-inspired computing.

Study of Spin-Orbit Interactions and Interlayer Ferromagnetic Coupling in Co/Pt/Co Trilayers in a Wide Range of Heavy-Metal Thickness.

The spin-orbit torque, a torque induced by a charge current flowing through the heavy-metal-conducting layer with strong spin-orbit interactions, provides an efficient way to control the magnetization direction in heavy-metal/ferromagnet nanostructures, required for applications in the emergent magnetic technologies like random access memories, high-frequency nano-oscillators, or bioinspired neuromorphic computations. We study the interface properties, magnetization dynamics, magnetostatic features, and spin-orbit interactions within the multilayer system Ti(2)/Co(1)/Pt(0-4)/Co(1)/MgO(2)/Ti(2) (thicknesses in nanometers) patterned by optical lithography on micrometer-sized bars. In the investigated devices, Pt is used as a source of the spin current and as a nonmagnetic spacer with variable thickness, which enables the magnitude of the interlayer ferromagnetic exchange coupling to be effectively tuned.

Optimization of spin Hall magnetoresistance in heavy-metal/ferromagnetic-metal bilayers.

We present experimental data and their theoretical description on spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in bilayers consisting of a heavy metal (H) coupled to in-plane magnetized ferromagnetic metal (F), and determine contributions to the magnetoresistance due to SMR and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) in five different bilayer systems: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], W/Co, and Co/Pt. The devices used for experiments have different interfacial properties due to either amorphous or crystalline structures of constitutent layers. To determine magnetoresistance contributions and to allow for optimization, the AMR is explicitly included in the diffusion transport equations in the ferromagnets.

HCH and lindane contaminated sites: European and global need for a permanent solution for a long-time neglected issue.

During the last 70 years 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) has been one of the most extensively used pesticides. Only the gamma-isomer has insecticidal properties. For the marketing of gamma-HCH (lindane) the other 85% HCH isomers which are formed as by-products during HCH production had to be separated and became finally hazardous waste.

Magnetic Noise Prediction and Evaluation in Tunneling Magnetoresistance Sensors.

We propose a simple model for prediction of magnetic noise level in tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors. The model reproduces experimental magnetic 1/f and white noise components, which are dependent on sensors resistance and field sensitivity. The exact character of this dependence is determined by comparing the results with experimental data using a statistical cross-validation procedure.

Official control of plant protection products in Poland: detection of illegal products.

Market presence of illegal and counterfeit pesticides is now a global problem. According to data published in 2012 by the European Crop Protection Association (ECPA), illegal products represent over 10% of the global market of plant protection products. Financial benefits are the main reason for the prevalence of this practice.

Publisher Correction: Influence of intermixing at the Ta/CoFeB interface on spin Hall angle in Ta/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Influence of intermixing at the Ta/CoFeB interface on spin Hall angle in Ta/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures.

When a current is passed through a non-magnetic metal with strong spin-orbit coupling, an orthogonal spin current is generated. This spin current can be used to switch the magnetization of an adjacent ferromagnetic layer or drive its magnetization into continuous precession. The interface, which is not necessarily sharp, and the crystallographic structure of the nonmagnetic metal can both affect the strength of current-induced spin-orbit torques.

Sensitivity and 3 dB Bandwidth in Single and Series-Connected Tunneling Magnetoresistive Sensors.

As single tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor performance in modern high-speed applications is limited by breakdown voltage and saturation of the sensitivity, for higher voltage applications (i.e., compatible to 1.