Impact of Proton Irradiation Depending on Breast Cancer Subtype in Patient-Derived Cell Lines.

Research on different types of ionizing radiation's effects has been ongoing for years, revealing its efficacy in damaging cancer cells. Solid tumors comprise diverse cell types, each being able to respond differently to radiation. This study evaluated the radiobiological response of established (MDA-MB-231 (Triple negative breast cancer, TNBC), MCF-7 (Luminal A)) and patient-derived malignant cell lines, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and skin fibroblasts following proton IRR.

Forecasting model for qualitative prediction of the results of patient-specific quality assurance based on planning and complexity metrics and their interrelations. Pilot study.

Background: The purpose was to analyse the interrelations between planning and complexity metrics and gamma passing rates (GPRs) obtained from VMAT treatments and build the forecasting models for qualitative prediction (QD) of GPRs results.

Materials And Method: 802 treatment arcs from the plans prepared for the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvic cancers were analysed. The plans were verified by portal dosimetry and analysed twice using the gamma method with 3%|2mm and 2%|2mm acceptance criteria.

The less complex temporal patterns of resting‑state EEG activity, the lower the visual temporal order threshold.

Speech understanding, watching a movie, listening to music etc., requires perception of the temporal order of at least two incoming events. A history of performing these tasks may be reflected in spontaneous brain activity.

Multivariate multiscale entropy (mMSE) as a tool for understanding the resting-state EEG signal dynamics: the spatial distribution and sex/gender-related differences.

Background: The study aimed to determine how the resting-state EEG (rsEEG) complexity changes both over time and space (channels). The complexity of rsEEG and its sex/gender differences were examined using the multivariate Multiscale Entropy (mMSE) in 95 healthy adults. Following the probability maps (Giacometti et al.

Optimization of the regularization parameter in the Dual Annealing method used for the reconstruction of energy spectrum of electron beam generated by the AQURE mobile accelerator.

Introduction: The shape of the energy spectrum is an essential component of any electron beam Monte Carlo model. Due to specialized equipment and the long measurement time for the direct methods for determining the energy spectrum, attractive alternatives are backward spectrum reconstructions from the measured data. One such approach is solving the first-degree Fredholm integral equation with appropriate regularization.

The utility of F-FDG PET/CT in brain tumours diagnosis.

Background: The purpose of the study was to discuss whether 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT) study protocol should include brain imaging.

Materials And Methods: Analysis of international societies recommendations compared with the original data obtained in over 1000 consecutive torso and brain F-FDG PET/CT studies collected in 2010.

Results: According to the international societies recommendations, the F-FDG should not be the radiotracer of choice considering the brain region PET/CT study.

Treatment-integrated imaging, radiomics, and personalised radiotherapy: the future is at hand.

Since the introduction of computed tomography for planning purposes in the 1970s, we have been observing a continuous development of different imaging methods in radiotherapy. The current achievements of imaging technologies in radiotherapy enable more than just improvement of accuracy on the planning stage. Through integrating imaging with treatment machines, they allow advanced control methods of dose delivery during the treatment.

Resting-state fMRI functional connectivity of the left temporal parietal junction is associated with visual temporal order threshold.

The study aimed to determine the relationship between the millisecond timing, measured by visual temporal order threshold (TOT), i.e. a minimum gap between two successive stimuli necessary to judge a before-after relation, and resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (rsFC).

Prediction of Incomplete Response of Primary Tumour Based on Clinical and Radiomics Features in Inoperable Head and Neck Cancers after Definitive Treatment.

Radical treatment of patients diagnosed with inoperable and locally advanced head and neck cancers (LAHNC) is still a challenge for clinicians. Prediction of incomplete response (IR) of primary tumour would be of value to the treatment optimization for patients with LAHNC. Aim of this study was to develop and evaluate models based on clinical and radiomics features for prediction of IR in patients diagnosed with LAHNC and treated with definitive chemoradiation or radiotherapy.

Plan quality assessment in clinical practice: Results of the 2020 ESTRO survey on plan complexity and robustness.

Purpose: Plan complexity and robustness are two essential aspects of treatment plan quality but there is a great variability in their management in clinical practice. This study reports the results of the 2020 ESTRO survey on plan complexity and robustness to identify needs and guide future discussions and consensus.

Methods: A survey was distributed online to ESTRO members.

Criteria for Verification and Replanning Based on the Adaptive Radiotherapy Protocol "Best for Adaptive Radiotherapy" in Head and Neck Cancer.

No clear criteria have yet been established to guide decision-making for patient selection and the optimal timing of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) based on image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). We have developed a novel protocol—the Best for Adaptive Radiotherapy (B-ART) protocol—to guide patient selection for ART. The aim of the present study is to describe this protocol, to evaluate its validity in patients with head and neck (HN) cancer, and to identify the anatomical and clinical predictors of the need for replanning.

Accuracy of the doses computed by the Eclipse treatment planning system near and inside metal elements.

Metal artefacts degrade clinical image quality which decreases the confidence of using computed tomography (CT) for the delineation of key structures for treatment planning and leads to dose errors in affected areas. In this work, we investigated accuracy of doses computed by the Eclipse treatment planning system near and inside metallic elements for two different computation algorithms. An impact of CT metal artefact reduction methods on the resulting calculated doses has also been assessed.

Dosimetric Comparison of Ultra-Hypofractionated and Conventionally Fractionated Radiation Therapy Boosts for Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer.

Recent comparison of an ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy (UF-RT) boost to a conventionally fractionated (CF-RT) option showed similar toxicity and disease control outcomes. An analysis of the treatment plans for these patients is needed for evaluating calculated doses for different organs, treatment beam-on time, and requirements for human and financial resources. Eighty-six plans for UF-RT and 93 plans for CF-RT schemes were evaluated.

The 3 ESTRO-EFOMP core curriculum for medical physics experts in radiotherapy.

Purpose: To update the 2011 ESTRO-EFOMP core curriculum (CC) for education and training of medical physics experts (MPE)s working in radiotherapy (RT), in line with recent EU guidelines, and to provide a framework for European countries to develop their own curriculum.

Material And Methods: Since September 2019, 27 European MPEs representing ESTRO, EFOMP and National Societies, with expertise covering all subfields of RT physics, have revised the CC for recent advances in RT. The ESTRO and EFOMP Education Councils, all European National Societies and international stakeholders have been involved in the revision process.

Evaluation of the accuracy of dose delivery in stereotactic radiotherapy using the Velocity commercial software.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of dose delivery during stereotactic radiotherapy of the lung (SBRT) and brain (SRT) tumours by registered CT (rCT) images obtained from CT used for planning (pCT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT).

Methods: The study is based on two groups of patients (10 patients each) undergoing SBRT and SRT. To assess the correctness of the propagation of the GTV (brain group) and ITV (lung group) contours, the volumes calculated on the pCT and rCT studies were analysed.

Validation of the dosimetric and geometric accuracy of MR-only treatment planning solution for prostate cancer radiotherapy.

Introduction: The aim was to validate the dosimetric and geometric accuracy of radiotherapy treatment plans for prostate cancer based on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging only and a solution based on computed tomography (CT) supported by MR imaging.

Material And Methods: We used CT and MR images of ten prostate cancer patients implanted with three fiducial markers (FM) in the prostate gland. Rigid registration based on FM was performed to assess the fusion accuracy between MR and CT images.

Utility of deformable image registration for adaptive prostate cancer treatment. Analysis and comparison of two commercially available algorithms.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess and compare the capabilities of two commercially available deformable image registration algorithms implemented in Raystation 9A (A) and Velocity AI (A) for possible usage in adaptive prostate radiotherapy based on the propagation of anatomical contours from computed tomography (CT) images to cone-beam CT (CBCT) images.

Material And Methods: Ten patients were retrospectively selected from a group treated for localized prostate cancer. The propagation of rectum contours was analyzed in a set of CT-CBCT pairs.

The impact of different optimization strategies on the agreement between planned and delivered doses during volumetric modulated arc therapy for total marrow irradiation.

Aim Of The Study: To evaluate the agreement between planned and delivered doses and its potential correlation with the plans' complexity subjected to dosimetric verification.

Material And Methods: Four isocentre volumetric modulated arc therapy for total marrow irradiation plans optimized simultaneously with (P1) and without (P2) MU reduction were evaluated dosimetrically by γ method performed in a global mode for 4 combinations of γ-index criteria (2%/2 mm, 2%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, and 3%/3 mm). The evaluation was conducted for 4 regions (head and neck, chest, abdomen and upper pelvis, and lower pelvis and thighs) that were determined geometrically by the isocentres.

Detection of clinically silent brain lesions in [18F]FDG PET/CT study in oncological patients: analysis of over 10,000 studies.

The study aimed to show that including the brain region into the standard 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) study protocol may result in detecting clinically silent brain tumours. We retrospectively analyzed the group of 10,378 from the total of 12,011 consecutive patients who underwent the torso and brain [18F]FDG PET/CT scanning, considering an ability of the method to evaluate undetected before brain tumours in patients diagnosed and treated in our institution. While collecting the database, we followed the inclusion criteria: at least 1-year of follow-up, a full medical history collected in our institution, histopathologic examination or other studies available to confirm the type of observed lesion, and the most importantly-no brain lesions reported in the patients' medical data.

Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumours Assessed with the Brain and Torso [F]FDG PET/CT Study Protocol-10 Years of Single-Institutional Experiences.

According to the international societies' recommendations, the 2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ([F]FDG PET/CT) technique should not be used as the method of choice in brain tumour diagnosis. Therefore, the brain region can be omitted during standard [F]FDG PET/CT scanning. We performed comprehensive literature research and analysed results from 14,222 brain and torso [F]FDG PET/CT studies collected in 2010-2020.

Forecasting of the composite dose for organs at risk and solid targets with random movements during different image-guided scenarios of the photon radiation therapy. Solution for the Varian therapeutic line.

Background: This study aims to develop a useful tool for robust plan analysis which includes the effects of soft tissue deformations on simulated dose distributions. The solution was benchmarked in the light of the commercial method implemented in Eclipse treatment planning system (TPS).

Materials And Methods: Study was carried out on data of one patient with prostate-restricted cancer.

Differences between TNM classification and 2-[F]FDG PET parameters of primary tumor in NSCLC patients.

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the TNM classification with 2-[F]FDG PE T biological parameters of primary tumor in patients with NSCLC.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on a group of 79 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients. PET scans were acquired on Gemini TF PET/CT scanner 60-70 min after injection of 2-[F]FDG with the mean activity of 364 ± 75 MBq, with the area being examined from the vertex to mid-thigh.