Incorporation of Nanostructural Hydroxyapatite and Curcumin Extract from L. Rhizome into Polylactide to Obtain Green Composite.

This study showed that a polylactide (PLA)-based composite filled with nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) and a natural extract from the rhizome of L. could provide an alternative to commonly used fossil-based plasticsfor food packaging. The incorporation of HAp into the PLA matrix had a positive effect on improving selected properties of the composites; the beneficial effect could be enhanced by introducing a green modifier in the form of an extract.

The Influence of Premature Birth on the Development of Pulmonary Diseases: Focus on the Microbiome.

Globally, around 11% of neonates are born prematurely, comprising a highly vulnerable population with a myriad of health problems. Premature births are often accompanied by an underdeveloped immune system biased towards a Th2 phenotype and microbiota dysbiosis. Typically, a healthy gut microbiota interacts with the host, driving the proper maturation of the host immunity.

Antibiotic-driven dysbiosis in early life disrupts indole-3-propionic acid production and exacerbates allergic airway inflammation in adulthood.

Antibiotic use in early life disrupts microbial colonization and increases the risk of developing allergies and asthma. We report that mice given antibiotics in early life (EL-Abx), but not in adulthood, were more susceptible to house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation. This susceptibility was maintained even after normalization of the gut microbiome.

A cross talk between microbial metabolites and host immunity: Its relevance for allergic diseases.

Background: Allergic diseases, including respiratory and food allergies, as well as allergic skin conditions have surged in prevalence in recent decades. In allergic diseases, the gut microbiome is dysbiotic, with reduced diversity of beneficial bacteria and increased abundance of potential pathogens. Research findings suggest that the microbiome, which is highly influenced by environmental and dietary factors, plays a central role in the development, progression, and severity of allergic diseases.

Bile acids in immunity: Bidirectional mediators between the host and the microbiota.

Host-microbiota interactions are bidirectional. On one hand, ecological pressures exerted by the host shape the composition and function of the microbiota. On the other, resident microbes trigger multiple pathways that influence the immunity of the host.

Bypassing the Gut-Lung Axis Microbial Metabolites: Implications for Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

The gut microbiome engages in constant interactions with the immune system, laying down the fundamentals of what we perceive as health or disease. The gut microbiota acts locally in the intestines and distally in other organs, such as the lungs. This influence (termed "the gut-lung axis") constitutes the basis for harnessing the microbiome to prevent or treat chronic respiratory diseases.

FOXC2 controls adult lymphatic endothelial specialization, function, and gut lymphatic barrier preventing multiorgan failure.

The mechanisms maintaining adult lymphatic vascular specialization throughout life and their role in coordinating inter-organ communication to sustain homeostasis remain elusive. We report that inactivation of the mechanosensitive transcription factor in adult lymphatic endothelium leads to a stepwise intestine-to-lung systemic failure. loss compromised the gut epithelial barrier, promoted dysbiosis and bacterial translocation to peripheral lymph nodes, and increased circulating levels of purine metabolites and angiopoietin-2.

Cellular and functional heterogeneity of the airway epithelium.

The airway epithelium protects us from environmental insults, which we encounter with every breath. Not only does it passively filter large particles, it also senses potential danger and alerts other cells, including immune and nervous cells. Together, these tissues orchestrate the most appropriate response, balancing the need to eliminate the danger with the risk of damage to the host.

Microbial metabolism of L-tyrosine protects against allergic airway inflammation.

The constituents of the gut microbiome are determined by the local habitat, which itself is shaped by immunological pressures, such as mucosal IgA. Using a mouse model of restricted antibody repertoire, we identified a role for antibody-microbe interactions in shaping a community of bacteria with an enhanced capacity to metabolize L-tyrosine. This model led to increased concentrations of p-cresol sulfate (PCS), which protected the host against allergic airway inflammation.

The influence of the microbiome on respiratory health.

The revolution in microbiota research over the past decade has provided invaluable knowledge about the function of the microbial species that inhabit the human body. It has become widely accepted that these microorganisms, collectively called 'the microbiota', engage in networks of interactions with each other and with the host that aim to benefit both the microbial members and the mammalian members of this unique ecosystem. The lungs, previously thought to be sterile, are now known to harbor a unique microbiota and, additionally, to be influenced by microbial signals from distal body sites, such as the intestine.

Antibiotics as Instigators of Microbial Dysbiosis: Implications for Asthma and Allergy.

The human body and its resident microbiota form a complex ecosystem, shaped by both inherited and environmental factors. The use of antibiotics represents an extreme example of environmental pressure and can broadly disrupt the microbial landscape. The benefits that antibiotics have brought to modern medicine are unquestionable; however, their overuse comes with consequences, including the potential for secondary infections by opportunistic pathogens and the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The Impact of Diet on Immunity and Respiratory Diseases.

The Western world has witnessed a tremendous increase in the occurrence of allergy and autoimmunity in the second half of the 20th century. Extensive efforts have been made to explain this phenomenon and various hypotheses have been formulated. Among them, two concepts have attracted the most attention: the "hygiene hypothesis," identifying the reduced exposure to environmental microorganisms as a driving force behind the observed epidemiological trends; and the "diet hypotheses," pointing to the importance of changes in our dietary habits.

Role of B cells in T cell responses in a mouse model of asthma.

Background: The importance of B lymphocytes to present antigens for antibody production is well documented. In contrast, very little is known about their capacity to influence CD4 T-cell activation during a primary or secondary response to allergens.

Objective: Using mouse models of asthma, we investigated the role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells in priming and maintenance of T cell responses.

Diet Hypotheses in Light of the Microbiota Revolution: New Perspectives.

From an evolutionary standpoint, allergy has only recently emerged as a significant health problem. Various hypotheses were proposed to explain this, but they all indicated the importance of rapid lifestyle changes, which occurred in industrialized countries in the last few decades. In this review, we discuss evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies that indicate changes in dietary habits may have played an important role in this phenomenon.