Taxonomic Significance of Seed Morphology in L. (Plantaginaceae) Species from Central Europe.

In this study, 1159 seeds of 29 Central European species of the genus were analyzed based on scanning electron microscopy images. The species belonged to nine subgenera: , , , , , , , and , following the newest phylogenetic classification of the genus. Nine measured characteristics of seeds and nine ratios were analyzed statistically using ANOVA followed by post hoc testing, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis.

Pest categorisation of non-EU viruses of L.

The Panel on Plant Health of EFSA conducted a pest categorisation of 17 viruses of L. that were previously classified as either non-EU or of undetermined standing in a previous opinion. These infectious agents belong to different genera and are heterogeneous in their biology.

List of non-EU viruses and viroids infecting potato () and other tuber-forming species.

The European Commission requested a pest categorisation of the non-EU viruses and viroids of potato (hereafter referred to as viruses). As a first step, a systematic literature and database search was carried out to identify the viruses reported to naturally infect and other tuber-forming spp (hereafter referred to as potato). Based on the global distribution and on the prevalence inside the European Union (EU), the Panel identified 40 non-EU viruses known to occur only outside the EU or with only a limited presence in the EU (reported in only one or few Member States (MSs) and/or with restricted distribution, outbreaks).

Pest categorisation of non-EU viruses of L.

Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health addressed the pest categorisation of the viruses and viroids of L. determined as being either non-EU or of undetermined standing in a previous EFSA opinion. These infectious agents belong to different genera and are heterogeneous in their biology.

Pest categorisation of non-EU viruses and viroids of L.

Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health addressed the pest categorisation of the viruses and viroids of L. determined as being either non-EU or of undetermined standing in a previous EFSA opinion. These infectious agents belong to different genera and are heterogeneous in their biology.

Pest categorisation of non-EU viruses and viroids of L.

Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health addressed the pest categorisation of the viruses and viroids of L. determined as being either non-EU or of undetermined standing in a previous EFSA opinion. These infectious agents belong to different genera and are heterogeneous in their biology.

Pest categorisation of non-EU viruses and viroids of Mill., Mill. and L.

Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of 17 viruses and viroids, herein called viruses, of Mill., Mill. and L.

List of non-EU viruses and viroids of Mill., L., Mill., L., L., L., L. and L.

The Panel on Plant Health performed a listing of non-EU viruses and viroids (reported hereinafter as viruses) of Mill., L., Mill.

Report on the methodology applied by EFSA to provide a quantitative assessment of pest-related criteria required to rank candidate priority pests as defined by Regulation (EU) 2016/2031.

In agreement with Article 6(2) of the Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 on protective measures against pests of plants, the European Commission has been tasked by the Council and European Parliament to establish a list of Union quarantine pests which qualify as priority pests. The prioritisation is based on the severity of the economic, social and environmental impact that these pests can cause in the Union territory. The Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) is in charge of developing a methodology based on a multi-criteria decision analysis and composite indicators.

Pest categorisation of non-EU viruses of L.

Following a request from the EU Commission, the Panel on Plant Health addressed the pest categorisation of the viruses of L. determined as being either non-EU or of undetermined standing in a previous EFSA opinion. These infectious agents belong to different genera and are heterogeneous in their biology.

Pest categorisation of .

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of , a well-defined and distinguishable bacterial plant pathogen of the family Microbacteriaceae. causes bacterial ring rot of potato and is reported from North America, Asia and Europe. The bacterium is mostly tuber transmitted, but it can also enter host plants through wounds or via contaminated equipment.

Pest categorisation of the species complex.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the species complex (RSSC), a distinguishable cosmopolitan group of bacterial plant pathogens (including , and two subspecies of ) of the family Burkholderiaceae. The RSSC causes bacterial wilt in solanaceous crops, such as potato, tomato and pepper, but can also cause wilts in other important food crops such as fruit banana, plantain banana and cassava. The pest survives in the soil, and a number of weed species can also be infected by the pest, often asymptomatically.

Pest categorisation of sensu lato.

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of sensu lato (Nematoda: Longidoridae) for the EU. Sixty-one species in this group are recognised. They are polyphagous pests found in soil associated with a number of plant species.

Pest categorisation of spp.

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of nematodes belonging to the genus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae). Twenty-nine species in this genus have been considered of which five species are present in the EU (, , , and ). The whole genus except is regulated by Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI).

Shell colour, temperature, (micro)habitat structure and predator pressure affect the behaviour of Cepaea nemoralis.

Although shell colour polymorphism of the land snail Cepaea nemoralis is a well-known phenomenon, proximate and ultimate factors driving its evolution remain uncertain. Polymorphic species show variation in behavioural responses to selective forces. Therefore, we estimated effects of various environmental factors (temperature, humidity, food availability, (micro)habitat structure and predatory pressure) on behavioural response (frequency of locomotion, climbing and hiding) of C.

Pest categorisation of .

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae), the false root-knot nematode, for the EU. The nematode was originally described from the American continent. Due to differences in host range as well as molecular variability among populations, should be regarded as a species complex ().

Pest categorisation of 'Blight and blight-like' diseases of citrus.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of 'Blight and blight-like' for the EU territory. Blight is a major disease of citrus. Similar 'blight-like' diseases are also known (e.

Pest categorisation of .

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of (Nematoda: Longidoridae) for the EU. The nematode is a well-defined taxon and was described from Ontario, Canada and later reported from some states in the USA. The nematode is not present in the EU.

Pest categorisation of .

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of (Nematoda: Longidoridae) for the EU. The nematode is a well-defined taxon belonging to a group of morphologically similar species called sensu lato. The nematode was described from the USA and is present in some North and South American countries.

Distribution and genetic diversity of the terrestrial slugs Arion lusitanicus Mabille, 1868 and Arion rufus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Poland based on mitochondrial DNA.

The slugs Arion lusitanicus and Arion rufus inhabit ecologically degraded areas and are serious vegetation pests. In recent years, new localities of these species have been found in various parts of Poland. Here we study the morphology of 90 specimens from 9 populations of slugs.