New uracil analog as inhibitor/modulator of ABC transporters or/and NF-κB in taxol-resistant MCF-7/Tx cell line.

Purpose: The global increase in breast cancer cases necessitates ongoing exploration of advanced therapies. Taxol (Tx), an initial breast cancer treatment, induces mitotic arrest but faces limitations due to side effects and the development of resistance. Addressing Tx resistance involves understanding the complex molecular mechanisms, including alterations in tubulin dynamics, NF-κB signaling, and overexpression of ABC transporters (ABCB1 and ABCG2), leading to multidrug resistance (MDR).

Synthesis And Anticancer Activity Of New Hybrid 3-Methylidene-2,3-Dihydro-1,8-Naphthyridinones.

Synthesis of molecular hybrids, obtained by combination of two or more pharmacophoric groups of different bioactive substances in order to produce more efficient drugs, is now a frequently used approach in medicinal chemistry. Following this strategy, we synthetized a library of 3-methylidene-1-tosyl-2,3-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridin-4(1H)-ones, combining a 1,8-naphthyridin-4-one motif with an exo-methylidene bond conjugated with a carbonyl group, pharmacophoric units that are present in many natural, biologically active compounds with anticancer potential. We reasoned that such bifunctional conjugates may have enhanced cytotoxic activity.

New Uracil Analog with Exocyclic Methylidene Group Can Reverse Resistance to Taxol in MCF-7 Cancer Cells.

Introduction: Taxol (Tx), a microtubule-stabilizing drug, has been widely used as a chemotherapeutic in several types of cancer. However, the development of resistance limited its application. One of the strategies used to prevent the emergence of drug resistance is combination treatment, involving at least two drugs.

Anticancer Properties of 3-Dietoxyphosphorylfuroquinoline-4,9-dione.

Herein, the antitumor activity of a novel synthetic analog with 5,8-quinolinedione scaffold, diethyl (2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4,9-dioxo-4,9-dihydrofuro [3,2-]quinolin-3-yl)phosphonate () was investigated on two breast cancer cell lines. This analog was selected from a small library of synthetic quinolinediones on the basis of its strong antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and 4-5-fold lower cytotoxicity towards healthy MCF-10A cells. The morphology of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells treated with changed drastically, while non-tumorigenic MCF-10A cells remained unaffected.

Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of New 3-Methylidene-1-sulfonyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1)-ones.

Quinolinones have been known for a long time as broad-spectrum synthetic antibiotics. More recently, the anticancer potential of this group of compounds has been investigated. Following this direction, we obtained a small library of 3-methylidene-1-sulfonyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1)-ones with various substituents at positions 1, 2, 6, and 7 of the quinolinone ring system.

Stereoselective Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 2,6-Disubstituted -3-Methylidenetetrahydropyran-4-ones.

In this report, we present efficient and stereoselective syntheses of 2,6-disubstituted -3-methylidenetetrahydropyran-4-ones and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylidenetetrahydropyran-4-one that significantly broaden the spectrum of the available methylidenetetrahydropyran-4-ones with various substitution patterns. Target compounds were obtained using Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons methodology for the introduction of methylidene group onto the pyranone ring. 3-Diethoxyphosphoryltetrahydropyran-4-ones, which were key intermediates in this synthesis, were prepared by fully or highly stereoselective addition of Gilman or Grignard reagents to 3-diethoxyphosphoryldihydropyran-4-ones.

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of novel 3-diethoxyphosphorylfuroquinoline-4,9-diones with potent antitumor efficacy.

Herein we report an efficient synthesis of a series of regioisomeric N,O-syn and N,O-anti 3-diethoxyphosphorylfuroquinoline-4,9-diones combining furoquinoline-5,8-dione skeleton, present in several highly cytotoxic compounds, with diethoxyphosphoryl moiety. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained analogs was tested against two human cancer cell lines: promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 and breast cancer adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and for comparison on human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVEC and mammary gland/breast MCF-10 A cells. Several diethoxyphosphorylfuroquinoline-4,9-diones proved to be highly cytotoxic for cancer cells with IC values even below 0.

The search for opioid analgesics with limited tolerance liability.

Reducing the well-known side effects of opioids prescribed to treat chronic pain remains unresolved, despite extensive research in this field. Among several options to tackle this problem the synthesis of multifunctional compounds containing hybridized structures gained a lot of interest. Recently, extensively investigated are combinations of opioid agonist and antagonist pharmacophores embodied in a single molecule.

A New Hybrid δ-Lactone Induces Apoptosis and Potentiates Anticancer Activity of Taxol in HL-60 Human Leukemia Cells.

In the search for new drug candidates, researchers turn to natural substances isolated from plants which may be either used directly or may serve as a source for chemical modifications. An interesting strategy in the design of novel anticancer agents is based on the conjugation of two or more biologically active structural motifs into one hybrid compound. In this study, we investigated the anticancer potential of 4-benzyl-5,7-dimethoxy-4-methyl-3-methylidene-3,4-dihydro-2-chroman-2-one (DL-247), a new hybrid molecule combining a chroman-2-one skeleton with an -methylidene bond conjugated with a carbonyl group, in human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cell line.

New uracil analog U-332 is an inhibitor of NF-κB in 5-fluorouracil-resistant human leukemia HL-60 cell line.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an antimetabolite that interferes with DNA synthesis and has been widely used as a chemotherapeutic drug in various types of cancers. However, the development of drug resistance greatly limits its application. Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in many types of cancer is responsible for the reduction of the cellular uptake of various anticancer drugs causing multidrug resistance (MDR), the major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy.

Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by a novel synthetic quinolinone derivative in HL-60 human leukemia cells.

The mortality rates for acute myeloid leukemia are very high, necessitating the search for novel chemotherapeutic candidates. Herein, we investigated the anticancer potential of a new synthetic compound, 2-ethyl-3-methyliden-1-tosyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4-(1H)-one (AJ-374) against myeloid leukemia HL-60 cell line. This analog was selected from the small library of synthetic dihydroquinolinones on the basis of its strong antiproliferative activity against HL-60 cells and 30-fold lower cytotoxicity towards healthy HUVEC cells.

Synthesis of 2,2,6-Trisubstituted 5-Methylidene-tetrahydropyran-4-ones with Anticancer Activity.

In our continuous search for new, relatively simple 2-alkylidene-1-oxoheterocycles as promising anticancer drug candidates, herein we report an efficient synthesis of 2,2,6-trisubstituted 5-methylidenetetrahydropyran-4-ones. These compounds were obtained in a four step reaction sequence, in which starting diethyl 2-oxopropylphosphonate was transformed into 2,2-disubstituted 5-diethoxyphosphoryldihydropyran-4-ones, followed by Michael addition of various Grignard reagents and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction of the obtained adducts with formaldehyde. Stereochemistry of the intermediate Michael adducts is also discussed.

New Uracil Analogs with Exocyclic Methylidene Group as Potential Anticancer Agents.

Background: Hybrid molecules combining uracil skeleton with methylidene exo-cyclic group were designed in the search for novel anticancer drug candidates.

Objective: Two series of racemic 5-methylidenedihydrouracils, either 1,3-disubstituted or 1,3,6-trisubstituted were synthesized and tested for their possible cytotoxic activity against two cancer cell lines (HL-60 and MCF-7) and two healthy cell lines (HUVEC and MCF-10A). The most cytotoxic analogs were re-synthesized as pure enantiomers.

New uracil analogs as downregulators of ABC transporters in 5-fluorouracil-resistant human leukemia HL-60 cell line.

Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters causing multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells is one of the major obstacles in cancer chemotherapy. The 5-FU resistant subclone (HL-60/5FU) of the human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line was selected by the conventional method of continuous exposure of the cells to the drug up to 0.08 mmol/L concentration.

Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of 3-Methylidenechroman-4-ones.

In the search for new anticancer agents, a library of variously substituted 3-methylidenechroman-4-ones was synthesized using Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons methodology. Acylation of diethyl methylphosphonate with selected ethyl salicylates furnished 3-diethoxyphosphorylchromen-4-ones which were next used as Michael acceptors in the reaction with various Grignard reagents. The adducts were obtained as the mixtures of and diastereoisomers along with a small amount of enol forms.

Involvement of a coumarin analog AD-013 in the DNA damage response pathways in MCF-7 cells.

Coumarin is a plant-derived compound but as such has no medical uses. Several synthetic coumarin analogs have been shown to possess anti-proliferative activity and to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we explored DNA damage responses in MCF-7 cells treated with our novel synthetic hybrid compound AD-013, which integrates a coumarin moiety and an α-methylene-δ-lactone motif.

Supramolecular architecture in azaheterocyclic phosphonates. III. Structures of an ethyl phosphonamidate and an ethyl phosphonate.

The novel crystal structures of ethyl (S)-P-(4-oxo-4H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]phosphonamidate, CHNOPS, I, and diethyl (4-isopropyl-2-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)phosphonate, CHNOPS, II, were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal packing of I is dominated by two infinite stacks composed of symmetry-independent molecules linked by distinctively different hydrogen-bond systems. The structure of II shows a ladder packing topology similar to those observed in related phosphorylated azaheterocycles.

Synthesis of 3-Methylidene-1-tosyl-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones as Potent Cytotoxic Agents.

An efficient synthetic strategy to 3-methylidene-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-ones variously substituted in position 2 has been developed. The title compounds were synthesized in the reaction sequence involving reaction of diethyl methylphosphonate with methyl 2-(tosylamino)benzoate, condensation of thus formed diethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-N-tosylphenyl)ethylphosphonate with various aldehydes followed by successful application of the obtained 3-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-ols as Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagents for the olefination of formaldehyde. Also, enantioselective approach to the target compounds has been evaluated using 3-dimenthoxyphosphoryl group as a chiral auxiliary.

Involvement of α-methylene-γ- and δ-lactones in the suppression of multidrug resistance in MCF-7 cells.

Background: The development of multidrug resistance to chemotherapy remains a challenge in the treatment of cancer and is a major factor causing failure of many forms of chemotherapy. The ATP binding cassette (ABC) family of proteins are efflux pumps that transport various potentially dangerous substances out of the cells. Several of the ABC transporters are related to chemoresistance, as the rapidly dividing malignant cells use them to protect themselves from medical interventions.

Anticancer Properties of a New Hybrid Analog AD-013 Combining a Coumarin Scaffold with an α-methylene-δ-lactone Motif.

Background: Coumarin is a natural phytochemical but as such has no medical uses. However, various natural and synthetic coumarin analogs attract attention due to their interesting biological properties.

Objective: Here, we evaluated and compared anticancer properties of a new synthetic hybrid compound AD- 013, which integrates a coumarin moiety and an α-methylene-δ-lactone motif, with novobiocin, a natural antibiotic bearing a coumarin scaffold.

New Chiral Ebselen Analogues with Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential.

New chiral camphane-derived benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones and corresponding diselenides have been synthetized using a convenient one-pot procedure. Se-N bond was efficiently converted to an Se-Se bond, which could also be easily re-oxidized to the initial benzisoselenazolone moiety. The antioxidant activity of camphor derivatives was evaluated and compared to the reactivity of a series of N-amino acid benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones obtained by a modified procedure involving the improved synthesis and isolation of the diseleno bis(dibenzoic) acid.

Synthesis of 4,4-Disubstituted 3-Methylidenechroman-2-ones as Potent Anticancer Agents.

The synthesis of a new library of 4,4-disubstituted 3-methylidene-3,4-dihydro-2H-chroman-2-ones applying Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons methodology for the construction of an exo-methylidene moiety is reported. Corresponding 3-diethoxyphosphorylchroman-2-ones were synthesized in a three-step reaction sequence consisting of O-methylation of ethyl 2-diethoxyphosphoryl-3-oxoalkanoates, followed by reaction of the obtained 2-diethoxyphosphoryl-3-methoxy-2-alkenoates with phenols or 1-naphthol. The resulting 3-diethoxyphosphorylochromen-2-ones proved to be effective Michael acceptors in reactions with various Grignard reagents.

New glutathione peroxidase mimetics-Insights into antioxidant and cytotoxic activity.

A series of N-alkyl benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones has been obtained and transformed to corresponding diselenides by the reduction with sodium borohydride. Additionally, efficient methodology for the oxidative Se-N bond formation by potassium iodate has been presented, new conversion of diselenide to benzisoselenazolone was observed. The GPx-like activity of all synthetized derivatives has been evaluated by NMR.

Anticancer activity of new molecular hybrids combining 1,4-naphthalenedione motif with phosphonic acid moiety in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.

Structural motifs found in naturally occurring compounds are frequently used by researchers to develop novel synthetic drug candidates. Some of these new agents are hybrid molecules which are designed through a concept of combining more than one functional element. In this report, anticancer activity of new synthetic molecular hybrids, substituted 3-diethoxyphosphorylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-diones and 3-diethoxyphosphorylbenzo[f]indole-4,9-diones, which integrate natural 1,4-naphtalenedione scaffold, present in several anticancer agents, with pharmacophoric phosphonate moiety, were tested against hepatocellular cell line HepG2.

Anticancer properties of new synthetic hybrid molecules combining naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione or benzo[f]indole-4,9-dione motif with phosphonate subunit.

In this paper we report an efficient and general synthesis of substituted 3-diethoxyphosphorylnaphtho [2,3-b]furan-4,9-diones and 3-diethoxyphosphorylbenzo [f]indole-4,9-diones which integrate the natural 1,4-naphtalenedione scaffold, present in several anticancer agents with the phosphonate moiety. The cytotoxicity of such hybrid molecules was tested against two leukemia cell lines, HL-60 and NALM-6 and against a breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell line. Selected compounds were also tested on normal human cells: HUVEC and MCF-10A.