How low can we go with the dialysate flow? A retrospective study on the safety and adequacy of a water-saving dialysis prescription.

Background: Green nephrology encompasses all initiatives in kidney care that have a positive impact on climate and environment. To prepare the dialysate, at least 120 L of water are needed for one 4-h session with a dialysate flow (Qd) set at 500 mL/min. A lower dialysate flow rate is associated with a significant reduction in the amount of water used.

Post-Transplant Nephroptosis as a Cause of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Case Report.

Background: The aim of this study was to present a rare cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a patient after kidney transplantation.

Methods: The patient's consent was obtained, and full medical documentation was reviewed. After analyzing the literature, only 3 case reports of post-transplant nephroptosis were found.

On Whether Ca-125 Is the Answer for Diagnosing Overhydration, Particularly in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients-A Systematic Review.

Overhydration (OH) is a prevalent medical problem that occurs in patients with kidney failure, but a specific marker has still not been found. Patients requiring kidney replacement therapy suffer from a water imbalance, which is correlated with mortality rates in this population. Currently, clinicians employ techniques such as bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and ultrasound (USG) markers of overhydration or markers of heart and kidney function, namely NT-pro-BNP, GFR, or creatinine levels.

Show Me What You Have Inside-The Complex Interplay between SIBO and Multiple Medical Conditions-A Systematic Review.

The microbiota, as a complex of microorganisms in a particular ecosystem, is part of the wider term-microbiome, which is defined as the set of all genetic content in the microbial community. Imbalanced gut microbiota has a great impact on the homeostasis of the organism. Dysbiosis, as a disturbance in bacterial balance, might trigger or exacerbate the course of different pathologies.

Fabry disease - what a gastroenterologist should know.

Fabry disease is a rare, X-linked metabolic error caused by various mutations in the α-galactosidase A gene, which results in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids. Gastrointestinal symptoms are quite common in affected patients; therefore, it is important for gastroenterologists to keep it in mind as a differential diagnosis for especially challenging patients. The following review provides concise information on epidemiology and genetics, signs, and symptoms of the disease, focusing on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, providing a brief overview of the diagnostic process and the available treatment, both disease specific and supportive, again with a focus on alleviation of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Factors Influencing Longevity of Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with End Stage Kidney Disease Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy.

COVID-19 has severely affected the population of patients with end stage renal disease. Current data have proved a two-dose vaccination schedule against SARS-CoV-2 to be effective among dialyzed patients. There are limited data on the longevity and modulating factors of humoral response after vaccination.

The Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Course of COVID-19.

Aim Of The Study: The aim of our review is to indicate and discuss the impact of cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, diabetes, lipid profile, hypertension and smoking on the course and mortality of COVID-19 infection.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is spreading around the world and becoming a major public health crisis. All coronaviruses are known to affect the cardiovascular system.

IGFBP7 Concentration May Reflect Subclinical Myocardial Damage and Kidney Function in Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease.

The objective of this study was to determine the associations between insulin-like growth-factor-binding protein 7(IGFBP7) concentrations and concentrations of troponin T(TnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) and the parameters of kidney function in patients with stable ischemic heart disease(IHD). The IHD group consisted of 88 patients, and the population group comprised 66 subjects without a history of IHD. IGFBP7, TnT and NTproBNP concentrations were measured.

Water - A life-giving toxin - A nephrological oxymoron. Health consequences of water and sodium balance disorders. A review article.

Background: This article aims to reveal misconceptions about methods of assessment of hydration status and impact of the water disorders on the progression of kidney disease or renal dysfunction.

Materials And Methods: The PubMed database was searched for reviews, meta-analyses and original articles on hydration, volume depletion, fluid overload and diagnostic methods of hydration status, which were published in English.

Results: Based on the results of available literature the relationship between the amount of fluid consumed, and the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and kidney stones disease was discussed.

Plasmid Mediated Colistin-Resistance in Clinical Extraintestinal Strains Isolated in Poland.

The growing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is an inexorable and fatal challenge in modern medicine. Colistin is a cationic polypeptide considered a "last-resort" antimicrobial for treating infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Plasmid-borne colistin resistance emerged recently, and could potentially lead to essentially untreatable infections, particularly in hospital and veterinary (livestock farming) settings.

Locked Away-Prophylaxis and Management of Catheter Related Thrombosis in Hemodialysis.

Reliable vascular access is necessary for effective hemodialysis. Guidelines recommend chronic hemodialysis via an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), however, in a significant number of patients, permanent central venous catheters (CVCs) are used. The use of a tunneled catheter is acceptable if the estimated dialysis time is less than a year or it is not possible to create an AVF.

Sirtuin 1 and Skin: Implications in Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aging-A Systematic Review.

Skin, as the outermost organ of the body, is constantly exposed to both intrinsic and extrinsic causative factors of aging. Intrinsic aging is related to compromised cellular proliferative capacity, and may be accelerated by harmful environmental influences with the greatest significance of ultraviolet radiation exposure, contributing not only to premature aging, but also to skin carcinogenesis. The overall skin cancer burden and steadily increasing global antiaging market provide an incentive for searching novel targets to improve skin resistance against external injury.

[Current nutrition recommendations for chronic kidney disease].

The paper discusses the current recommendations regarding the supply of individual nutrients in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The recommendations include keeping the energy supply in the range of 25 to 35 kcal per kilogram of proper body weight per day, limiting the consumption of phosphorus to maximum of 1 g per day and limiting sodium to maximum of 2.3 g per day.

TRAIL and Cardiovascular Disease-A Risk Factor or Risk Marker: A Systematic Review.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a pro-apoptotic protein showing broad biological functions. Data from animal studies indicate that TRAIL may possibly contribute to the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm. It has been also suggested that TRAIL might be useful in cardiovascular risk stratification.

Serum sirtuin 1 is independently associated with intact PTH among patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Sirtuin 1 is involved in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the clinical and diagnostic value of serum sirtuin 1 concentration in patients with CKD.

Patients And Methods: The serum sirtuin 1 level was evaluated using ELISA kit in 100 CKD patients stratified for five stages and in a control group of 24 healthy volunteers.

Mid-Regional Proadrenomedullin as a New Biomarker of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases-Is It the Future?

The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease and concomitant chronic kidney disease among the aging populations is responsible for considerable growth of mortality. Additionally, frequent, prolonged hospitalizations and long-term treatment generates progressive decline in bodily functions as well as substantial public health and economic burden. Accessibility to easy, non-invasive prognostic markers able to detect patients at risk of cardiovascular events may improve effective therapy and mitigate disease progression.

The Links between Microbiome and Uremic Toxins in Acute Kidney Injury: Beyond Gut Feeling-A Systematic Review.

The last years have brought an abundance of data on the existence of a gut-kidney axis and the importance of microbiome in kidney injury. Data on kidney-gut crosstalk suggest the possibility that microbiota alter renal inflammation; we therefore aimed to answer questions about the role of microbiome and gut-derived toxins in acute kidney injury. PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 10, 2020 for relevant studies with an additional search performed on ClinicalTrials.

The switch from proteasome to immunoproteasome is increased in circulating cells of patients with fast progressive immunoglobulin A nephropathy and associated with defective CD46 expression.

The proteasome to immunoproteasome (iPS) switch consists of β1, β2 and β5 subunit replacement by low molecular weight protein 2 (LMP2), LMP7 and multicatalytic endopeptidase-like complex-1 (MECL1) subunits, resulting in a more efficient peptide preparation for major histocompatibility complex 1 (MHC-I) presentation. It is activated by toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and interferons and may also be influenced by genetic variation. In a previous study we found an iPS upregulation in peripheral cells of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).

The Serum Concentration of Anti-Aging Proteins, Sirtuin1 and αKlotho in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis.

Introduction: Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) acts as an anti-aging protein due to anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect and is implicated in several diseases including diabetes or cardiovascular problems. SIRT1 renal overexpression indicates oxidative stress. Similarly, αKlotho was primarily exposed as anti-aging factor.

Medical Students' Attitude Toward Organ Donation in a Single Medical University.

Background: In the modern era, organ transplantation has become an important means of treating certain diseases. Although it is widespread and medically accepted, certain controversies still exist.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate attitudes toward organ transplantation among medical students.