Case reports involving coinfection with and in broiler chickens and in broiler breeding hens in Poland.

The study describes three clinical cases of infection with spp.. In case no.

Pathogenic Potential of Coagulase-Positive Strains Isolated from Aviary Capercaillies and Free-Living Birds in Southeastern Poland.

The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence and characteristics of coagulase-positive strains in the carcasses of wild birds and aviary capercaillies in Southeastern Poland. In total, samples taken from 333 birds were examined. The material consisted of swabs from the internal organs of dead birds (heart, liver, and spleen), the tarsal joints, and mucous membranes (conjunctiva and palatine fissure), as well as from unhatched embryos.

Plasmid Mediated Colistin-Resistance in Clinical Extraintestinal Strains Isolated in Poland.

The growing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria is an inexorable and fatal challenge in modern medicine. Colistin is a cationic polypeptide considered a "last-resort" antimicrobial for treating infections caused by MDR Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Plasmid-borne colistin resistance emerged recently, and could potentially lead to essentially untreatable infections, particularly in hospital and veterinary (livestock farming) settings.

Steroid-Functionalized Imidazolium Salts with an Extended Spectrum of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity.

It is established that high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are related to the current limited number of antifungal drugs and the toxicity of these agents. Imidazolium salts as azole derivatives can be successfully used in the treatment of fungal infections in humans. Steroid-functionalized imidazolium salts were synthesized using a new, more efficient method.

Antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks.

Despite restrictions on the use of antibiotics in poultry, the percentage of multidrug resistant bacteria, isolated from both adult birds and chicks, remains high. These bacteria can spread between countries via hatching eggs or chicks. Antibiotic resistant bacteria can also pose a threat to hatchery and farm workers or to consumers of poultry.

Biodiversity of Strains from Poultry and Domestic Pigeons.

is an important member of the human and animal gut microbiota, and selected strains are promising probiotics, but knowledge of the characteristics of avian isolates is still limited. In this study, we examined selected phenotypic and genotypic traits of 33 strains from geese, chickens, turkeys and pigeons. The strains varied in terms of cell size, colony morphology, broth growth characteristics, biofilm formation, tolerance to bile, hydrophobicity and phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Enterococcus spp. from yolk sac infections in broiler chicks with a focus on virulence factors.

Bacterial infections of yolk sacs contribute to increased mortality of chicks, chronic infections during their rearing, or increased selection in the flock, which in turn leads to high economic losses in poultry production worldwide. The aim of this study was a phenotypic and genotypic characterization of enterococci isolated from yolk sac infections (YSI) of broiler chickens from Poland and the Netherlands. Biochemical, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) MS, and rpoA gene sequencing identification was performed.

Dehydroepiandrosterone derived imidazolium salts and their antimicrobial efficacy.

Hybrid molecules consisting of steroid-imidazolium salts reveal interesting biological properties, especially regarding antimicrobial activities. Novel dehydroepiandrosterone derived imidazolium salts (11 salts) with side chains of different lengths were obtained in an efficient and straightforward synthetic route. Antimicrobial properties of new salts were examined by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs).

Expression of AraC/XylS stress response regulators in two distinct carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST89 biotypes.

Background: The growing incidence of MDR Gram-negative bacteria is a rapidly emerging challenge in modern medicine.

Objectives: We sought to establish the role of intrinsic drug-resistance regulators in combination with specific genetic mutations in 11 Enterobacter cloacae isolates obtained from a single patient within a 7 week period.

Methods: The molecular characterization of eight carbapenem-resistant and three carbapenem-susceptible E.

Biofilm formation capacity and presence of virulence factors among commensal Enterococcus spp. from wild birds.

Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens that can form biofilms during infections and many virulence determinants are involved in this process. Although the virulence factors are often analysed in Enterococcus spp. from humans and food animals, little is known about gut enterococcal isolates from wild birds.

Infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 in a patient after craniectomy.

Klebsiella pneumoniae infections have always been an important problem in public health, but today, the increasing resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics due to β-lactamases production has renewed interest in K. pneumoniae infections. The aim of the study was to present a case of a neurosurgical patient with multidrug-resistant K.

Clonal Structure and Antibiotic Resistance of spp. from Wild Birds in Poland.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of 27 enterococci (, , , and ) isolated from wild bird species. Resistance to lincomycin was most common, followed by erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracyclines, high level of aminoglycoside, and -lactam antibiotics. No vancomycin- and chloramphenicol-resistant isolates were identified.

Characterization of mecC gene-carrying coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. isolated from various animals.

The presence of the methicillin resistance gene mecC in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. (CoNS) is scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize mecC-positive CoNS isolated from various wild and domestic animals.

Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of steroid-based imidazolium salts.

Imidazolium salts reveal interesting biological properties, especially regarding antitumor and antimicrobial activities. Two series of imidazolium salts based on steroids were obtained in an efficient and convenient synthesis. They were biologically tested to evaluate their antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Surface properties of Enterococcus faecalis cells isolated from chicken hearts determine their low ability to form biofilms.

Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most significant bacterial pathogens associated with the first-week mortality of chickens. Here, the surface properties of bacterial cells and the selected virulence factors of E. faecalis strains isolated from the hearts of clinically healthy broiler chickens were studied.

WILD BIRDS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF KNOWN AND NOVEL MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPES OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS.

We assessed the antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of 27 Enterococcus faecalis isolates from 25 wild bird species in Poland. Resistance to lincomycin (100%) was most common followed by tetracycline (48%), erythromycin (44%), and ciprofloxacin (22%). High-level resistance to streptomycin and kanamycin was observed in 19% and 15% of isolates, respectively.

Nasal and pharyngeal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri among hospitalised patients and healthcare workers in a Serbian university hospital.

There has been a paucity of data on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus sciuri (MRSS) epidemiology in European healthcare settings. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of nasal and pharyngeal carriage and diversity of MRSS among inpatients and healthcare workers (HCWs) in the largest healthcare centre in Serbia, and to assess performance of different methods for MRSS screening. Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were obtained from 195 patients and 105 HCWs in different departments.

Emergence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with class 1 integron carrying blaVIM-2 and blaVIM-4 in the University Clinical Hospital of Bialystok (northeastern Poland).

The effectiveness of carbapenems, considered as last-resort antimicrobials in severe infections, becomes compromised by bacterial resistance. The production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is the most significant threat to carbapenems activity among Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and type of MBLs genes in carbapenem-resistant P.

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry as a Useful Tool for Identification of spp. from Wild Birds and Differentiation of Closely Related Species.

The aim of this study was to explore the accuracy and feasibility of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in identifying bacteria from environmental sources, as compared with gene sequencing, and to evaluate the occurrence of bacteria of the genus in wild birds. In addition, a phyloproteomic analysis of certain species with spectral relationships was performed. The enterococci were isolated from 25 species of wild birds in central Europe (Poland).

Identification of plasmid OXA and other β-lactamase genes among carbapenem-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the Clinical University Hospital in northeastern Poland.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of OXA and other β-lactamase genes, antibiotic susceptibility, and the genetic relatedness among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems. The presence of bla- OXA genes was demonstrated in 48% of isolates belonging to four PFGE profiles.

Expression of MexAB-OprM efflux pump system and susceptibility to antibiotics of different Pseudomonas aeruginosa clones isolated from patients hospitalized in two intensive care units at University Hospital in Bialystok (northeastern Poland) between January 2002 and December 2009.

We investigated the genetic similarities and expression of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump system in different clones of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains collected from 2002 to 2009 at two intensive care units (ICU). Regulatory and structural genes mexB, mexR, and mexA were found in 99%, 98%, and 94% of tested strains, respectively. The presence of class 1 integron was found in 90% of the strains, while class 2 integron in only one strain (Psa506).

Distribution of AdeABC efflux system genes in genotypically diverse strains of clinical Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a highly problematic hospital-associated pathogen. Different mechanisms contribute to the formation of multidrug resistance in A. baumannii, including the AdeABC efflux system.

Susceptibility of canine and feline bacterial pathogens to pradofloxacin and comparison with other fluoroquinolones approved for companion animals.

In this study, 908 bacterial pathogens from defined infections of dogs and cats were tested for their susceptibility to the novel fluoroquinolone pradofloxacin, which was approved in 2011 for use in cats and dogs. Most of the bacteria tested (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli, β-haemolytic streptococci, Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica) exhibited low pradofloxacin MIC(90) values of ≤ 0.25 μg/ml.