T-shaped pars plana scleral incision to remove large intraocular foreign body.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of T-shaped pars plana scleral incision technique in removing large intraocular foreign bodies, during 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series that included patients diagnosed with a large intraocular foreign body (IOFB). Possible postoperative complications were recorded 24 h, 1 month, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.

Management and Treatment Outcomes of High-Risk Corneal Transplantations.

Corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment for corneal blindness. Standard planned keratoplasties have a high success rate. Conditions such as active inflammation at the time of surgery, the presence of ocular surface disease, previous graft disease, or neovascularization make them more susceptible to rejection.

The Role of Dysregulated miRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease causing damage to the macular region of the retina where most of the photoreceptors responsible for central visual acuity are located. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate genes by silent post-transcriptional gene expressions. Previous studies have shown that changes in specific miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of eye diseases, including AMD.

Imaging of Uveal Melanoma-Current Standard and Methods in Development.

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, characterized by an insidious onset and poor prognosis strongly associated with tumor size and the presence of distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Contrary to most tumor identification, a biopsy followed by a pathological exam is used only in certain cases. Therefore, an early and noninvasive diagnosis is essential to enhance patients' chances for early treatment.

Ozone-Based Eye Drops Activity on Ocular Epithelial Cells and Potential Pathogens Infecting the Front of the Eye.

Confirmation of the biological effectiveness of new ophthalmic preparations introduced in the market is an important element in maintaining the safety of using this type of medications. This study aimed to investigate the activity of Ozodrop on human corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells, as well as its antibacterial and antifungal activity. Cytotoxicity analyses of ocular surface epithelial cells were performed in vitro by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) and Neutral Red uptake assays.

Double-Needle Yamane Technique Using Flanged Haptics in Ocular Trauma-A Retrospective Survey of Visual Outcomes and Safety.

To evaluate visual outcomes and safety of the double-needle technique using flanged haptics (Yamane technique) in patients with aphakia caused by ocular trauma at a trauma referral center. Retrospective: Consecutive interventional case series of 30 patients who underwent the Yamane technique due to posttraumatic aphakia. The double-needle technique using flanged haptics was combined with anterior vitrectomy (group A) in 14 patients, and with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) (group B) due to retinal detachment, nucleus dislocation into the vitreous cavity, or intraocular lens (IOL) displacement in 16 patients.

Tryptophan Pathway Abnormalities in a Murine Model of Hereditary Glaucoma.

Background: It has been shown that a possible pathogenetic mechanism of neurodegeneration in the mouse model of glaucoma (DBA/2J) may be an alteration of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in the retina. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that alterations of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in DBA/2J mice is not limited to the retina.

Methods: Samples of the retinal tissue and serum were collected from DBA/2J mice (6 and 10 months old) and control C57Bl/6 mice of the same age.

Early Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Availability of Cornea Donors: Warnings and Recommendations.

Keratoplasty is one of the irreplaceable treatment options for corneal diseases. Currently, there is no evidence to substantiate that harvested corneal grafts from COVID-19 patients can contain SARS-CoV-2 virus and lead to a systemic infection. Although the risk of transmission through corneal stromal tissue is low, it potentially exists.

Changes of Ocular Dimensions as a Marker of Disease Progression in a Murine Model of Pigmentary Glaucoma.

Purpose: The elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor in glaucoma, is an important parameter tracked in experimental models of this disease. However, IOP measurement in laboratory rodents is challenging and may not correlate with some key pathological events that occur in the development of glaucoma. The aims of this study were to quantify changes in ocular morphology in DBA/2J mice that develop spontaneous, age-dependent, pigmentary glaucoma and to check the possible correlation of these parameters with IOP.

Early impact of COVID-19 outbreak on eye care: Insights from EUROCOVCAT group.

The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a public health emergency worldwide. The scientific community has put in much effort and published studies that described COVID-19's biology, transmission, clinical diagnosis, candidate therapeutics, and vaccines. However, to date, only a few data are available on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmological care in different health care systems, its future consequences in terms of disability, and access to sight-saving cures for many patients.

Tryptophan and Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Animal Models of Retinal and Optic Nerve Damage: Different Dynamics of Changes.

Kynurenines, products of tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, display neurotoxic (e.g., 3-hydroxykynurenine; 3-HK), or neuroprotective (e.

Five-year follow-up of secondary iris-claw intraocular lens implantation for the treatment of aphakia: Anterior chamber versus retropupillary implantation.

Background: Though several procedures of IOL implantation have been described (sutured scleral fixation, intra-scleral fixation, angle-supported anterior chamber, and anterior chamber or retropupillary iris-claw IOLs), there are no randomized trials which are comparing different techniques. Hence, the surgical treatment of aphakia still remains controversial and challenging. The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term efficacy and the rate of complications of anterior versus posterior Iris-claw intraocular lenses (IOL) implantation to correct for the treatment of aphakia without sufficient capsule support.

Transscleral Fixation of Black Diaphragm Intraocular Lens in Complete Aniridia and Aphakia Due to Posttraumatic Eye Rupture: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: To assess long-term outcomes of implantation of black diaphragm intraocular lens (BD IOL) in post-traumatic aniridia and aphakia due to eye rupture.

Methods: This is a retrospective consecutive case series of 14 eyes with post-traumatic complete aniridia and aphakia treated with scleral fixation BD IOL. Measurements included ophthalmological comorbidities, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complications, and postoperative interventions.

Modified Vitrectomy Technique for Phakic Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment with Intermediate Break.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of a modification of the traditional 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy technique in the treatment of uncomplicated macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with intermediate retinal break(s) and marked vitreous traction in the phakic eye.

Methods: Prospective, noncomparative, and interventional case series. All consecutive phakic eyes with primary uncomplicated macula-on RRD with intermediate retinal break(s) and marked vitreous traction, with at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up, were enrolled.

Anterograde Transport in Axons of the Retinal Ganglion Cells and its Relationship to the Intraocular Pressure during Aging in Mice with Hereditary Pigmentary Glaucoma.

Purpose: To establish a relationship between impairment of the anterograde axonal transport (AAT) in the axons of the retinal ganglion cells and the intraocular pressure (IOP) during aging in mice with hereditary glaucoma.

Methods: Quantitative in vivo approach based on manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was developed in order to evaluate AAT in 3-, 6-, and 14-month old DBA/2J mice that develop age-dependent pigmentary glaucoma or age-matched C57Bl/6 mice that do not develop any retinal disease. Unilateral intravitreous administration of MnCl solution was followed 24 h later by MRI performed to obtain spin-lattice relaxation times (T) for regions of interest encompassing the superior colliculi (SC) and the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN).

The presence of kynurenine aminotransferases in the human cornea: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis of gene expression and immunohistochemical staining.

Purpose: Kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs) catalyze the synthesis of kynurenic acid (KYNA), a compound of significant biological activity. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence and distribution of KAT immunoreactivity in the healthy human cornea.

Methods: Data on gene expression in human eye structures were extracted from public microarray experiments using Genevestigator software.

Intraoperative Macula Protection by Perfluorocarbon Liquid for the Metallic Intraocular Foreign Body Removal during 23-Gauge Vitrectomy.

To evaluate visual and safety outcomes of 23-gauge (G) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with application of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) for intraoperative protection of the macula during intraocular foreign body (IOFB) removal. Retrospective study of 42 patients who underwent 23 G PPV for IOFB removal from posterior segment with intraoperative PFCL application for the macula shielding. Collected data included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), size of IOFB, and complication rate.

Surgical Management of Traumatic Retinal Detachment with Primary Vitrectomy in Adult Patients.

To evaluate functional and anatomical results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the retinal detachment (RD) followed by severe eye trauma. Retrospective analysis of medical records of forty-one consecutive patients treated with 23-gauge PPV due to traumatic RD. Age, gender, timing of PPV, visual acuity, and presence of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were included in the analysis.

Vancomycin in infusion during vitrectomy in surgical treatment of acute postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis.

Background: Endophthalmitis is potentially devastating intraocular inflammation following eye trauma or surgery. We describe the visual outcomes and causative pathogens in acute bacterial postoperative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis treated with immediate pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with Vancomycin dissolved in the infusion fluid.

Methods: Clinical records of consecutive 30 patients with postoperative endophthalmitis and 15 patients with posttraumatic endophthalmitis were evaluated.

Outcomes of Sutureless Iris-Claw Lens Implantation.

Purpose. To evaluate the indications, refraction, and visual and safety outcomes of iris-claw intraocular lens implanted retropupillary with sutureless technique during primary or secondary operation. Methods.

Current treatment modalities in diabetic macular edema.

Diabetic macular edema is the major cause of vision impairment in the diabetic population. Its treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach and the use of both systemic and local therapies. Current management includes the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and steroids administered as intravitreal injections, as well as laser therapy and surgical treatment.

Nasally located congenital optic disc pit with concomitant maculopathy.

Optic disc pit is a congenital optic disc anomaly, which can be associated with maculopathy. The case of an unusually nasally located pit with concomitant maculopathy in a 64-year-old woman is presented.

Surgical treatment of open globe trauma complicated with the presence of an intraocular foreign body.

Background: Open globe injuries complicated with the presence of an intraocular foreign body constitute a vision threatening condition.

Purpose: To present the results of pars plana vitrectomy in patients with intraocular foreign body.

Material And Methods: Medical records of 22 patients were analyzed.

Ketogenic diet attenuates NMDA-induced damage to rat's retinal ganglion cells in an age-dependent manner.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate neuroprotective effects of a high fat/low carbohydrate and protein diet (ketogenic diet, KD) in a model of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in juvenile and young adult rats.

Methods: Juvenile (30-35 days old) and young adult (56-70 days old) female Brown Norway rats were fed the KD for 21 days; rats exposed to a standard rodent diet (SRD) served as controls. The main constituents of the KD used in the present study were approximately 80% fats, 8% proteins, and less than 1% carbohydrates.

Presence and distribution of L-kynurenine aminotransferases immunoreactivity in human cataractous lenses.

Purpose: To investigate the presence and distribution of l-kynurenine aminotransferases immunoreactivity in human and animal lenses during cataract formation.

Methods: Immunohistochemistry was conducted using polyclonal antibodies against KAT I, KAT II and KAT III on sections of 26 anterior capsules from patients undergoing surgical treatment of anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) and 22 cataractous lenses from human eyes enucleated because of choroidal malignant melanoma. Additionally, the eyes of 11-month-old DBA/2J mice (6 eyes) were investigated (with KAT I and II).