Refugee Status as a Possible Risk Factor for Childhood Enuresis.

This study investigated the influence of refugee status on the occurrence of enuresis. It was performed among school children aged 6 to 11 years and their parents in the Vukovarsko-srijemska County (eastern Croatia), which had many displaced persons and refugees (mostly women and children) in the 1990s due to the wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A specially designed questionnaire (about the child's age and gender, the child's enuresis history and that of the parents, and data on parental refugee status in childhood) was completed by one of the parents.

Porphyrins as new endogenous anti-inflammatory agents.

A series of porphyrins, tetrapyrrole natural organic compounds, are evaluated here as endogenous anti-inflammatory agents. They directly inhibit the activity of Fyn, a non-receptor Src-family tyrosine kinase, triggering anti-inflammatory events associated with down-regulation of T-cell receptor signal transduction, leading to inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production. This is one of the major pro-inflammatory cytokines, associated with diseases such as diabetes, tumorigenesis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

[Importance of urgent cerebrospinal fluid examination for early diagnosis of central nervous system infections].

To a certain extent, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition reflects the current status of the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, studying changes in even the most essential CSF parameters provides enormous scope for obtaining valuable information about processes in the CNS in relation to its disorders. The article aims at presenting our current conception of urgent CSF examination with special emphasis on early diagnosis of central nervous infections.

Distribution of immune cells expressing CD3a, CD21 and S-100 protein markers in the porcine gut-associated lymphoid tissues.

The distribution of immune cells within the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) of swine is highly organized. The appearance of such cells could not be separated from the effects of age, weaning and exposure to environment. Here, we have examined the distribution patterns of a subset of CD3a+ T and CD21+ B cells as well as S-100 protein+ cells and secretory (s) IgA+ cells within GALT compartments (such as jejunal lamina propria = JLP, ileal Peyerís patches = IPP, and mesenteric lymph node = MLN) of juvenile 8-week-old conventionally reared pigs using either two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) in the immunohistochemical staining techniques with avidin-biotin complex (ABC) or peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP), respectively.

Analyses of monoclonal antibodies reacting with porcine CD5: results from the Second International Swine CD Workshop.

Among the 57 monoclonal antibodies analyzed within the T-cell group, three mAbs fell within cluster T13 including the CD5a standard b53b7 (No. 174). The two new mAbs 1H6/8 (No.

HLA-A, B and DR antigens in patients with gonadal dysgenesis.

HLA (human leukocyte antigens) antigens A, B, and DR were determined in a series of 50 patients with gonadal dysgenesis (GD), separated into different groups according to karyotype. There were no significant differences in frequency of HLA antigen types between GD patients and the population control. When frequencies of the HLA antigens in the various GD patient groups by karyotype were compared, only one significant difference was found: HLA-A3 was more common among GD patients with isochromosome X than among GD patients with karyotype 45,X (p < 0.

Qualitative analyses of cellular immune functions in equine infectious anemia show homology with AIDS.

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a disease caused by a lymphocytotropic lentivirus which belongs to the same subfamily as HIV. Because of the very close relationship of their predicted gag and pol gene products and similarities in clinical manifestations of the disease, EIA served as a model to study immunological events involved in the host defence against lymphocytotropic viral infections. The existence of antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against autologous EIA virus infected lymphoblasts was demonstrated in vitro at the beginning of an acute attack of the disease.

HLA and red blood group antigens in pregnancy disorders.

Total of 356 women with various types of pregnancy disorders as well as their husbands were classified in four groups regarding the type of the disorder as follows: 1. Recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) of unknown etiology (N = 105) and RSA - primary aborters only (N = 84); 2. Blighted ovum (N = 80); 3.