Systematic review with meta-analysis: ondansetron for vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis.

Background: Vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis is a common symptom, and it is considered to be the main cause of failure of oral rehydration therapy.

Aim: To systematically update evidence on the effects of ondansetron (5-HT3 serotonin antagonist) for vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis.

Methods: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to April 2016, with no language restrictions, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Prevalence and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation in hospitalised patients with hypertension.

Background: Hypertension, due to its prevalence, is a common and independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). High blood pressure causes structural and functional changes in the myocardium, leading to an increased risk of arrhythmia. This risk is higher when hypertension is accompanied by concomitant diseases that contribute to the development of AF.

Morphometrical studies of posterior fontanel in different periods of foetal life.

Purpose: There are 6 fontanels in the newborn's skull. Scientists have been mainly interested in the development of anterior fontanel in foetus and newborn. There are no researches about the development of posterior fontanel.

Development of the human eyeball and orbit during the fetal life.

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to describe the development of the human eyeball and orbit during fetal life.

Material And Methods: Eighteen human fetuses (36 eyes and 36 orbits) with gestational age ranging from 17 to 28 weeks were examined. Fetuses died in the first hours of life due to immaturity and did not reveal any developmental anomalies.

The ossification of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones in human foetuses.

An evaluation was made of the ossification level of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones in human foetuses of both sexes from the 4th to the 9th month of gestation. Our results indicate that ossification of phalangeal bones 1 to 5 always started at the distal end of the phalanx and endochondral ossification prevailed in the proximal phalanx of the thumb.

An evaluation of selected human eye dimensions at different periods of the foetal life.

In the course of myopia many anatomical changes in the structure of the eyeball take place. These changes surface during early childhood. It is unclear if these changes form during the stage of foetal life.

The ossification of tarsal bones and distal end of the tibia in human foetus.

The ossification level of tarsal bones and the distal end of the tibia in human foetuses of both sexes from 4 to 9 month gestational age was estimated. Our results show that ossification of the cartilaginous model tarsal bones begins from 6 to 7 months of the gestational age with the appearance of a single ossification point in the ankle bone and two ossification points in the heel bone with the following ossification of the periosteum.

Fluconazol plus ofloxacin in prophylaxis of infections in patients with acute leukemia: a comparative study.

In a retrospective study the incidence of infections, number of afebrile days, duration of antimicrobial chemotherapy, and cost of antibacterials and antimycotics were compared in two groups of patients. One was a group of 57 patients who received no prophylaxis during induction remission therapy of acute leukemia treated in 1989-1990, the second was a group of 22 patients treated in 1991 where prophylaxis with fluconazol and ofloxacin was administered. For ethical reasons pertaining since 1991, when prophylaxis became mandatory, the study was not randomized.

[Changes in indicators of nonspecific humoral immunity in carriers of N. meningitidis].

The aim of the work was to assess the immunity response of the macroorganism to "sound" meningococcal carriership in relation to its length. Furthermore the author wanted to assess the state of immunity changes during the inter-epidemic period. Although the differences in the immunity response in different groups are not significant, they exist and correlate with data reported in the literature.

[Specific antibody response in carriers of N. meningitidis].

When investigating the specific immune response, the authors found that as many as 97.95% subjects in the investigated community had positive titres of anti A meningococcal antibodies. The values of geometrical means of anti A antibody titres varied between 16.

[Studies of the capacity of the retropelvic artery of the human fetal kidney].

Studies were performed on material comprising 60 fetal kidneys of man. We have found that the arched and the s-shaped type of the retropelvic artery characterize by relatively stronger tendency for development but the statistical analysis reveals no regularity in this respect.

Extent of vascularization by the two branches of the renal artery in the brown bear (ursus arctos).

The renal arteries of four brown bears (Ursus arctos) have been investigated after filling with a polyester resin. It is shown that in all cases the renal artery devides into ventral and dorsal, sub- and suprapelvic arteries. The distribution of these arteries and the number of renculi supplied are described.