MicroRNA-33b is a Potential Non-Invasive Biomarker for Response to Atorvastatin Treatment in Chilean Subjects With Hypercholesterolemia: A Pilot Study.

Unlabelled: Evidence accumulated so far indicates that circulating levels of microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with several pathologies. Therefore, differential expression of extracellular miRNAs exhibits promising potential for screening and diagnosis purposes. We evaluated plasma miRNAs in response to the lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (HC) and controls.

Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Update.

Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug used for the treatment of many solid tumors. Among its various side effects, nephrotoxicity is the most detrimental. In recent years, epigenetic regulation has emerged as a modulatory mechanism of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, involving non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation and histone modifications.

A New Insight for the Identification of Oncogenic Variants in Breast and Prostate Cancers in Diverse Human Populations, With a Focus on Latinos.

Breast cancer (BRCA) and prostate cancer (PRCA) are the most commonly diagnosed cancer types in Latin American women and men, respectively. Although in recent years large-scale efforts from international consortia have focused on improving precision oncology, a better understanding of genomic features of BRCA and PRCA in developing regions and racial/ethnic minority populations is still required. To fill in this gap, we performed integrated analyses to elucidate oncogenic variants from BRCA and PRCA driver genes; to calculate their deleteriousness scores and allele frequencies from seven human populations worldwide, including Latinos; and to propose the most effective therapeutic strategies based on precision oncology.

Effect of statins on lipid metabolism-related microRNA expression in HepG2 cells.

Background: Statins are potent cholesterol-lowering drugs that prevent cardiovascular events. microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways and cardiovascular functions post-transcriptionally. This study explored the effects of statins on the expression of miRNAs and their target genes involved in lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells.

Atorvastatin Increases the Expression of Long Non-Coding RNAs ARSR and CHROME in Hypercholesterolemic Patients: A Pilot Study.

Atorvastatin is extensively used to treat hypercholesterolemia. However, the wide interindividual variability observed in response to this drug still needs further elucidation. Nowadays, the biology of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is better understood, and some of these molecules have been related to cholesterol metabolism.

Circulating miRNA-23b and miRNA-143 Are Potential Biomarkers for In-Stent Restenosis.

In-stent restenosis (ISR) is one of the main complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angioplasty, and microRNAs participate in the contractile-to-synthetic phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells, a hallmark of restenosis development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be released into circulation from injured tissues, enticing a potential role as noninvasive biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate circulating levels of miRNA-23b, miRNA-143, and miRNA-145 as diagnostic markers of ISR.

The Current State of MicroRNAs as Restenosis Biomarkers.

In-stent restenosis corresponds to the diameter reduction of coronary vessels following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), an invasive procedure in which a stent is deployed into the coronary arteries, producing profuse neointimal hyperplasia. The reasons for this process to occur still lack a clear answer, which is partly why it remains as a clinically significant problem. As a consequence, there is a vigorous need to identify useful non-invasive biomarkers to differentiate and follow-up subjects at risk of developing restenosis, and due to their extraordinary stability in several bodily fluids, microRNA research has received extensive attention to accomplish this task.

Statins differentially modulate microRNAs expression in peripheral cells of hyperlipidemic subjects: A pilot study.

Aim: Although statins are considered a cornerstone for the treatment of high cholesterol levels due to their powerful cholesterol-lowering effects, response to drug administration is still one of the main pitfalls of statin treatment. So far, the reasons underlying this undesired outcome are still poorly understood, but recently, various studies have suggested that miRNAs may be involved. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the effect of short-term low-dose treatment with 2 statins on miRNAs expression in patients with hypercholesterolemia.

Gender-Specific Association Between ABCC2 -24C>T SNP and Reduction in Triglycerides in Chilean Patients Treated With Atorvastatin.

Statins are the first-line therapy prescribed to lower plasma cholesterol levels. Although being safe and showing several beneficial cholesterol-independent pleiotropic effects, a significant variability regarding statin's therapeutic goals has been abundantly documented, but less understood. We aimed to investigate the influence of the ABCC2 -24C>T single nucleotide polymorphism on Chilean hypercholesterolaemic individuals treated for 4 weeks with 10 mg/day atorvastatin.

CYP2C192 Polymorphism in Chilean Patients with In-Stent Restenosis Development and Controls.

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet drug especially used in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Polymorphisms within can result in important interindividual variations regarding therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the impact of the CYP2C192 variant (rs4244285) on in-stent restenosis occurrence in Chilean patients who underwent PCI and received clopidogrel.

Bacterial Community Profile of the Gut Microbiota Differs between Hypercholesterolemic Subjects and Controls.

The role of gut microbiota in the development of metabolic illnesses has been abundantly demonstrated. Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota alterations may also be related to the development of hypercholesterolemia. Therefore, we aimed to assess differences in the gut bacterial community profiles between hypercholesterolemic subjects and controls.

Involvement of cytochrome P450 in cisplatin treatment: implications for toxicity.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the CYP450 enzyme family and cisplatin toxicity.

Methods: This article examined a collection of studies suggesting that CYP450 enzymes may influence cisplatin toxicity. We performed a narrative mini-review.

Association of Anxiety-Related Polymorphisms with Sports Performance in Chilean Long Distance Triathletes: A Pilot Study.

Different factors affecting athletic performance are well established: intensity and type of training, anthropometric characteristics as well as an important psychological component. However, the contribution of the genetic background has been less investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of polymorphisms within genes associated with stress and anxiety (, , , , and ) on the physical capability and sports performance in triathletes.

Epigenetic Modifications of Major Depressive Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic disease whose neurological basis and pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Initially, it was proposed that genetic variations were responsible for the development of this disease. Nevertheless, several studies within the last decade have provided evidence suggesting that environmental factors play an important role in MDD pathophysiology.

Polyphenol-Related Epigenetic Modifications in Osteoarthritis: Current Therapeutic Perspectives.

The hyaline cartilage is an avascular, aneural and alymphatic tissue with a limited ability to repair itself. When the cartilage is exposed to some kind of injury, it usually triggers osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent and degenerative joint disease closely related to aging. OA is both complex and multifactorial, and is the most common form of arthritis, being positioned as a major cause of pain and dysfunction in the world.

Polyphenols from Chilean Propolis and Pinocembrin Reduce MMP-9 Gene Expression and Activity in Activated Macrophages.

Polyphenols from diverse sources have shown anti-inflammatory activity. In the context of atherosclerosis, macrophages play important roles including matrix metalloproteinases synthesis involved in degradation of matrix extracellular components affecting the atherosclerotic plaque stability. We prepared a propolis extract and pinocembrin in ethanol solution.

Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Propolis Reduces the Expression and Activity of Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferases at Subinhibitory Concentrations.

Tooth decay is an infectious disease, whose main causative agent identified is Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Diverse treatments have been used to eradicate this microorganism, including propolis.

Altered microRNome Profiling in Statin-Induced HepG2 Cells: A Pilot Study Identifying Potential new Biomarkers Involved in Lipid-Lowering Treatment.

Purpose: Statins are widely prescribed drugs to manage hypercholesterolemia. Despite they are considered effective lipid-lowering agents, significant inter-individual variability has been reported in relation to drug response. Among the reasons explaining this variation, genetic factors are known to partially contribute.

HMGCR rs17671591 SNP Determines Lower Plasma LDL-C after Atorvastatin Therapy in Chilean Individuals.

Lipid-lowering response to statin therapy shows large interindividual variability. At a genome-wide significance level, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PCSK9 and HMGCR have been implicated in this differential response. However, the influence of these variants is uncertain in the Chilean population.

SLCO1B1 c.388A>G Polymorphism Is Associated with HDL-C Levels in Response to Atorvastatin in Chilean Individuals.

The use of statins as the preferred lipid-lowering therapy has clearly demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, reducing also the risk of coronary events and cardiovascular disease mortality. In this study, we assessed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLCO1B1 gene and their effect on atorvastatin response. We included 129 Chilean hypercholesterolemic patients undergoing 10 mg/day of atorvastatin therapy during 4 weeks.

Impact of 3'UTR genetic variants in PCSK9 and LDLR genes on plasma lipid traits and response to atorvastatin in Brazilian subjects: a pilot study.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a complex trait, resulting from a genetic interaction with lifestyle habits. Polymorphisms are a major source of genetic heterogeneity, and variations in 2 key cholesterol homeostasis genes; low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), lead to dyslipidemia. So, we investigated the relation of 2 variants located in the 3'-UTR (3'-untranslated region) of LDLR (rs14158, G>A) and PCSK9 (rs17111557, C>T) with lipid profile and atorvastatin response.

APOE polymorphisms contribute to reduced atorvastatin response in Chilean Amerindian subjects.

Genetic factors can determine the high variability observed in response to lipid-lowering therapy with statins. Nonetheless, the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their impact can vary due to ethnicity. Because the Chilean population carries a strong Amerindian background, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of apolipoprotein E (APOE) variants (rs429358, rs7412) and the 1959C>T SNP (rs5925) in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in response to atorvastatin treatment in hypercholesterolemic individuals.

Efficacy of ezetimibe is not related to NPC1L1 gene polymorphisms in a pilot study of Chilean hypercholesterolemic subjects.

Background And Objective: Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 (NPC1L1) is a multi-transmembrane transport protein highly expressed in the small intestine. It mediates sterol transfer throughout the brush border membrane of enterocytes, becoming essential for intestinal cholesterol absorption and ensuing whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. This protein is targeted by ezetimibe, a potent cholesterol absorption inhibitor.

Influence of SREBP-2 and SCAP gene polymorphisms on lipid-lowering response to atorvastatin in a cohort of Chilean subjects with Amerindian background.

Background And Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of the polymorphisms G1784C (rs4822063) and A2386G (rs12487736) of SREBP-2 and SCAP genes, respectively, on the response to atorvastatin treatment in a cohort of Chilean subjects with Amerindian background.

Methods: A total of 142 hypercholesterolemic individuals underwent atorvastatin therapy (10 mg/day/1 month). Serum lipids levels before and after treatment were measured.