Utility of urinary transferrin and ceruloplasmin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus for differentiating patients with lupus nephritis.

Background And Objective: Diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) is usually based on renal biopsy, which is an invasive technique that involves multiple risks. Therefore, different biomarkers have emerged as alternatives for the diagnosis of LN. Nonetheless, studies regarding urinary biomarkers in Latin American patients are limited.

[Relationship between Obesity, Adipokines and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus].

Obesity is a pro-inflammatory state characterized by phenotypic changes in macrophages, alterationson cytokines balance, and increasing expression of regulatory molecules of the immune system derived from adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages - also known as adipokines. Currently, leptin, adiponectin and resistin are, among others, one of the most known adipokines. Theseadipokinesmight play a possible role in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis, by promotingdifferent pro-inflammatory conditions.