Reliability of the Mendonça Strabismus Forceps in Locating the Insertion of Extraocular Rectus Muscles in Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of Mendonça strabismus forceps in locating the extraocular rectus muscles in patients undergoing primary strabismus surgery or reoperation. The study also compared the method's efficacy in primary surgeries versus reoperations. The overall goal was to avoid unnecessary surgical exploration, thereby enabling more effective planning and safer surgery.

New Surgical Double Interlacing Technique for Correction of Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy.

This interventional case series presents a novel surgical procedure involving double interlacing for the correction of esotropia in individuals with sixth cranial nerve palsy. The technique involves first splitting the tendons of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, and lateral rectus muscles. Subsequently, the superior half of the lateral rectus muscle is passed through the undisinserted superior rectus muscle, and the inferior half of the lateral rectus muscle is passed through the undisinserted inferior rectus muscle.

Plication combined with vertical displacement of horizontal rectus muscles to treat combined horizontal and vertical deviations.

Purpose: To report the results of horizontal rectus muscle recession-plication with vertical displacement in the treatment of combined vertical and horizontal strabismus.

Methods: From October 2016 to December 2019, 15 patients with horizontal deviation of 15-60, 3 associated with vertical deviation of 8 and 12 with vertical deviation of 10-20, underwent horizontal strabismus surgery (recession-plication) in addition to vertical displacement of both horizontal rectus, half or total muscle width, depending on whether the amount of vertical strabismus was small (8) or large (10-20), respectively.

Results: A total of 15 patients (8 females) were included; average age at surgery was 27 years.

Brazilian guidelines on the frequency of ophthalmic assessment and recommended examinations in healthy children younger than 5 years.

Purpose: To provide guidance on the frequency and components of eye examinations for healthy children aged 0 to 5 years.

Methods: These guidelines were developed based on the medical literature and clinical experience of an expert committee. PubMed/Medline searches were performed, with selected publications not restricted to systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, or observational studies.

Histological changes underlying bupivacaine's effect on extra ocular muscle.

To determine the changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of myofibers and their subtype distribution based on the myosin isoform expression after bupivacaine (BUP) injection in the EOM of rabbits and help the understanding of strabismus correction after BUP injection in the clinical practice. A total of 32 rabbits received 0.3 mL of 1.

Prevalence of refractive errors in Möbius sequence.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of refractive errors in Möbius sequence.

Methods: This study was carried out during the Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Möbius Society in November 2008. Forty-four patients diagnosed with the Möbius sequence were submitted to a comprehensive assessment, on the following specialties: ophthalmology, neurology, genetics, psychiatry, psychology and dentistry.

Bupivacaine and botulinum toxin to treat comitant strabismus.

Purpose: To evaluate the change in ocular motility and muscle thickness measured with ultrasonography after intramuscular injection of bupivacaine and botulinum toxin A.

Methods: Eight patients (five female) were enrolled to measure ocular motility prior and 1, 7, 30 and 180 days after one injection of 2 ml of 1.5% bupivacaine and 2.

[Botulinum toxin treatment for horizontal strabismus in children with cerebral palsy].

Unlabelled: To evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin injection in the treatment of horizontal strabismus in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods: A group of 24 patients, age 6 - 156 months, with cerebral palsy and horizontal strabismus (17 esotropias ranging from 25 to 45 PD and 7 exotropias ranging from 20 to 45 PD) were treated with botulinum toxin (34 medial rectus and 14 lateral rectus muscles). The children underwent full ophthalmic examination.