Hospital transfer and delayed reduction of traumatic hip dislocations.

Introduction: Native hip dislocations are high energy injuries that cause substantial patient morbidity. Expedient reduction has been demonstrated to improve patient outcomes. The objective of our study was to compare complication rates in patients with native hip dislocations who presented directly to a level-one trauma center with those transferred from an outside hospital (OSH).

Discriminatory questions asked during residency programme interviews: perspective from both interviewers and applicants.

Background: The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) policy requires interview officials to refrain from asking illegal or coercive questions that may introduce discrimination; however, compliance is insufficient.

Method: An Institutional Review Board-approved 12 question survey was distributed to 130 allopathic medical schools with 551 responses from 18 187 students applying in the 2015-2016 residency match. In addition, a 16-question survey was distributed through residency coordinators to residency programme interviewers with 481 responses from 21 of 22 residency specialities.

Increased Heat Shock Protein Expression Decreases Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle During and after Frostbite Injury.

Background: Frostbite injury results in serious skeletal muscle damage. The inflammatory response due to frostbite causes local muscle degeneration. Previous studies have shown that heat shock proteins (hsps) can protect against inflammation.

The influence of biplanar reduction and surgeon experience on proximal humerus fractures treated with ORIF.

Background: Treatment for proximal humerus fractures remains controversial. Studies of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) rarely account for reduction quality, while surgeon experience and sagittal plane reduction remain unstudied. In a retrospective case series analysis of AO/OTA C-type proximal humerus fractures treated with ORIF using a locking plate, we hypothesized that reduction quality would be associated with outcome, and reductions would improve with experience.

Ankle fusion following failed initial treatment of complex ankle fractures in neuropathic diabetics.

Background: Unstable ankle fractures in diabetics with peripheral neuropathy have an increased risk of postoperative complications, often leading to amputation. Primary ankle arthrodesis has been suggested as an alternative when acceptable reduction and mechanical stabilization cannot be obtained.

Methods: Over a fourteen year period, thirteen diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy underwent an attempt at primary ankle arthrodesis following the early post-fracture development of acute neuropathic (Charcot) deformity of the ankle after sustaining a low energy unstable ankle fracture.

Total hip arthroplasty and femoral nail lengthening for hip dysplasia and limb-length discrepancy.

The application of distraction osteogenesis through the use of magnet-operated, remote-controlled intramedullary lengthening continues to provide new opportunities for accurate limb equalization. While limb-length discrepancy and deformity can be addressed by total hip arthroplasty alone, the magnitude of correction is limited by the soft-tissue envelope and complications such as sciatic nerve palsy. This 3-patient case series presents the combination of staged ipsilateral total hip arthroplasty and retrograde intramedullary femoral nail lengthening for the correction of both deformity and limb-length discrepancy.

The Economic Burden of Residency Interviews on Applicants.

Background: The residency match is increasingly competitive. The interview is an essential component, yet little has been documented about the costs applicants incur during the interview process and it is unclear how they manage these expenses.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to define the economic burden of residency interviews for United States (U.

Surgical Technique: Achieving Anatomic Alignment With Temporizing, Ankle-Spanning External Fixation.

Introduction: Severe injuries to the ankle frequently result in soft tissue trauma too severe to proceed with immediate definitive fixation. Additionally, patients with multiple or vascular injuries may need a temporizing measure before undergoing definitive treatment. Temporizing, ankle-spanning external fixation offers a management strategy that allows for soft tissue rest and prioritized treatment of patients with polytrauma.

Surgical Technique: Achieving Reduction With Temporizing, Knee-Spanning External Fixation.

Introduction: Peri- and intra-articular fractures about the knee are frequently managed with joint-spanning external fixation before definitive treatment. With a systematic approach, a near-anatomic reduction with respect to length, alignment, and rotation can be obtained.

Methods: This video highlights 2 clinical cases: a bicondylar tibial plateau fracture-dislocation and a distal femur fracture, both of which were treated with temporizing, knee-spanning external fixation.

Surgical Technique: Anterolateral Approach to the Humerus.

Introduction: Although most humeral shaft fractures can be treated nonoperatively, many patients do benefit significantly from surgical treatment. The anterolateral approach to the humerus provides excellent exposure to the humeral shaft, especially to more proximal aspects. In addition, the approach can be extended both proximally and distally, providing the surgeon a dynamic exposure to the humerus for the treatment of fractures and other pathologies.

Targeted three-dimensional liquid chromatography: a versatile tool for quantitative trace analysis in complex matrices.

Targeted multidimensional liquid chromatography (MDLC), commonly referred to as 'coupled-column' or 'heartcutting', has been used extensively since the 1970s for analysis of low concentration constituents in complex biological and environmental samples. A primary benefit of adding additional dimensions of separation to conventional HPLC separations is that the additional resolving power provided by the added dimensions can greatly simplify method development for complex samples. Despite the long history of targeted MDLC, nearly all published reports involve two-dimensional methods, and very few have explored the benefits of adding a third dimension of separation.