Impact through research in education and studies in human society: A review of Australian Research Council 'high-for-impact' case studies.

Research impact is an important measure of the effective transmission and ongoing contribution of research beyond the scope of initial research publication outputs; however, determining what constitutes 'high-for-impact' research can be difficult for specific fields of study. This review of the Australian Research Council's Engagement and Impact Assessment 2018 analyses high-for-impact case studies submitted in the fields of Education (n = 17) and Studies in Human Society (n = 11) with the aim of understanding and explicating how high impact research has been evidenced in these fields. The review was guided by three research questions that concern the identification of the key characteristics of high-for-impact case studies, their reported impacts, and the evidence researchers cite to support claims of impact.

Spatial analysis of Dengue through the reproduction numbers relating to socioeconomic features: Case studies on two Brazilian urban centers.

The study of the propagation of infectious diseases in urban centers finds a close connection with their population's social characteristics and behavior. This work performs a spatial analysis of dengue cases in urban centers based on the basic reproduction numbers, , and incidence by planning areas (PAs), as well as their correlations with the Human Development Index (HDI) and the number of trips. We analyzed dengue epidemics in 2002 at two Brazilian urban centers, Belo Horizonte (BH) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ), using PAs as spatial units.

Invariant natural killer T cells and incidence of first-time coronary events: a nested case-control study.

Aims: Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, a T cell subset that is CD1d-restricted and expresses a semi-invariant T cell receptor, have been proposed to contribute to dyslipidaemia-driven cardiovascular disease due to their ability to specifically recognize lipid antigens. Studies in mice have attributed pro-atherogenic properties to iNKT cells, but studies in humans investigating associations of iNKT cells with incident coronary events (CE) are lacking.

Methods And Results: Here, we used flow cytometry to enumerate circulating iNKT cells (CD3 CD1d-PBS57-Tetramer) in a case-control cohort nested within the prospective population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study ( = 416) to explore associations with incident first-time CE during a median follow-up of 14 years.

Mural cell-derived chemokines provide a protective niche to safeguard vascular macrophages and limit chronic inflammation.

Maladaptive, non-resolving inflammation contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Because macrophages remove necrotic cells, defective macrophage programs can promote chronic inflammation with persistent tissue injury. Here, we investigated the mechanisms sustaining vascular macrophages.

Glycolytic side pathways regulating macrophage inflammatory phenotypes and functions.

Macrophages are crucial effector cells of the innate immune system and have important roles in the initiation and resolution of inflammation as well as in tissue homeostasis. To fulfill these diverse roles, macrophages exhibit metabolic flexibility to quickly adapt to the needs of the effector functions required, as well as to the microenvironment. This metabolic flexibility is exemplified by proinflammatory macrophages, which upregulate glycolysis to both initiate and sustain the process of inflammation.

Adapting Demirjian Standards for Portuguese and Spanish Children and Adolescents.

Unlabelled: Estimation of children's chronological age is highly important in human and forensic sciences. The Demirjian method has been reported as accurate for this purpose. The literature review shows some evidence that the accuracy of estimating chronological age via the Demirjian standards is not a straightforward process.

Evaluation of Biological Activity of a Diazocine Derivative against Heart Failure Using an Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model.

Background: There are studies, which suggest that some diazocine derivatives can exert effects on the cardiovascular system; however, these effects are not very clear.

Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the biological activity of a diazocine derivative against heart failure translated as area infarct.

Methods: Biological activity produced by diazocine derivatives against heart failure was determinate using an ischemia/reperfusion injury model.

Protective immune trajectories in early viral containment of non-pneumonic SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The antiviral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection can limit viral spread and prevent development of pneumonic COVID-19. However, the protective immunological response associated with successful viral containment in the upper airways remains unclear. Here, we combine a multi-omics approach with longitudinal sampling to reveal temporally resolved protective immune signatures in non-pneumonic and ambulatory SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and associate specific immune trajectories with upper airway viral containment.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of the Pyridine-hexacyclic-steroid Derivative on a Heart Failure Model.

Background: Several drugs with inotropic activity have been synthesized; however, there is very little information on biological activity exerted by steroid derivatives in the cardiovascular system.

Objective: The aim of this research was to prepare a steroid-pyridine derivative to evaluate the effect it exerts on left ventricular pressure and characterize its molecular interaction.

Methods: The first stage was carried out through the synthesis of a steroid-pyridine derivative using some chemical strategies.

Differences in Cell-Intrinsic Inflammatory Programs of Yolk Sac and Bone Marrow Macrophages.

Background: Tissue-resident macrophages have mixed developmental origins. They derive in variable extent from yolk sac (YS) hematopoiesis during embryonic development. Bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic progenitors give rise to tissue macrophages in postnatal life, and their contribution increases upon organ injury.

Trafficking of Mononuclear Phagocytes in Healthy Arteries and Atherosclerosis.

Monocytes and macrophages play essential roles in all stages of atherosclerosis - from early precursor lesions to advanced stages of the disease. Intima-resident macrophages are among the first cells to be confronted with the influx and retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins at the onset of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development. In this review, we outline the trafficking of monocytes and macrophages in and out of the healthy aorta, as well as the adaptation of their migratory behaviour during hypercholesterolemia.

Inclusiveness Plus Mixed Methods: An Innovative Research Design on Transnational Practices of Older Adults.

This paper assesses the challenges and the benefits of 2 methodological approaches for improving the study of transnational mobilities of older adults: mixed methods and inclusiveness. The first approach refers to a mixed-methods research design based on surveys and qualitative interviews. We share our experience of conducting a "fully mixed-concurrent-equal-status-design" research project, for which we collected data through quantitative surveys on transnational practices of people aged 55+.

Topological indexes and community structure for urban mobility networks: Variations in a business day.

Topological analysis and community detection in mobility complex networks have an essential role in many contexts, from economics to the environmental agenda. However, in many cases, the dynamic component of mobility data is not considered directly. In this paper, we study how topological indexes and community structure changes in a business day.

Novel library synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted pyridin-2(1)-ones via cleavage of pyridine-2-oxy-7-azabenzotriazole ethers under ionic hydrogenation conditions at room temperature.

In our hands, efficient access to the 4-amino-3-carboxamide disubstituted pyridine-2(1)-one kinase hinge-binder motif proved to be more challenging than anticipated requiring a significant investment in route scouting and optimization. This full paper focuses on the synthesis issues that we encountered during our route exploration and the original solutions we found that helped us to identify two optimized library-style processes to prepare our large kinase inhibitor library.

Malignant transformation and genetic alterations are uncoupled in early colorectal cancer progression.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is generally accepted as a sequential process, with genetic mutations determining phenotypic tumor progression. However, matching genetic profiles with histological transition requires the analyses of temporal samples from the same patient at key stages of progression.

Results: Here, we compared the genetic profiles of 34 early carcinomas with their respective adenomatous precursors to assess timing and heterogeneity of driver alterations accompanying the switch from benign adenoma to malignant carcinoma.

Low Levels of CD4CD28 T Cells at Baseline Are Associated With First-Time Coronary Events in a Prospective Population-Based Case-Control Cohort.

Objective: CD4CD28 T cells have been shown to be associated with recurrent coronary events and suggested as potential biomarker and therapeutic target. It is unknown whether CD4CD28 T cells associate with first-time cardiovascular events. We examined CD4CD28 T cells in a prospective population-based cohort and in patients with advanced atherosclerosis.