Mannich bases of hydroxycoumarins: synthesis, DFT/QTAIM computational study and assessment of biological activity.

The synthesis of six Mannich bases derived from hydroxycoumarins was carried out in moderate yields, two of these derivatives were described for the first time. Conformational analysis was performed through DFT theoretical calculations explaining the formation of stable six membered rings based on intramolecular hydrogen bonds within the structure. These findings were correlated with the antiproliferative activity.

New paths of cyanogenesis from enzymatic-promoted cleavage of β-cyanoglucosides are suggested by a mixed DFT/QTAIM approach.

Cyanogenesis is an enzyme-promoted cleavage of β-cyanoglucosides; the release of hydrogen cyanide is believed to produce food poisoning by consumption of certain crops as Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). The production of hydrogen cyanide by some disruption of the plant wall is related to the content of two β-cyanoglucosides (linamarin and lotaustralin) which are stored within the tuber. Some features about the mechanistic bases of these transformations have been published; nevertheless, there are still questions about the exact mechanism, such as the feasibility of a difference in the kinetics of cyanogenesis between both cyanoglucosides.

Tragedy of transition: hypertensive crisis in a young adult secondary to unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction following pyeloplasty as an adolescent.

A 25-year-old man with a history of left ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction that was corrected surgically at the age of 16 presented with a chief complaint of syncope. He was found to have severe hypertension with evidence of end organ damage on laboratory evaluation. His blood pressure was controlled with intravenous and oral antihypertensives with improvement in end organ dysfunction.

Intraperitoneal bupivacaine with or without incisional bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: Intraperitoneal (IP) bupivacaine provides postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE) alone or in combination with incisional (INC) bupivacaine. This study investigated whether the combination of INC and IP bupivacaine is superior to IP bupivacaine alone.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study.

The Advanced Locking Plate System (ALPS): a retrospective evaluation in 71 small animal patients.

Objective: To evaluate use of the Advanced Locking Plate System (ALPS) in dogs and cats and report outcome.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Dogs (n = 29) and cats (n = 42).

Astrocytes differentially respond to inflammatory autoimmune insults and imbalances of neural activity.

Background: Neuronal activity intimately communicates with blood flow through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocyte endfeet cover more than 90% of brain capillaries and interact with synapses and nodes of Ranvier. The roles of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling in the CNS remain poorly understood.

Comparison of ventriculotomy closure with and without a coelomic fat patch in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).

Removal of foreign bodies from the ventriculus in birds may necessitate ventriculotomy. Complications with this intervention include leakage and adhesion formation. To investigate if the use of a coelomic fat patch and a tension-relieving suture in addition to a simple interrupted pattern would improve the healing process after ventriculotomy, 2 groups of 9 Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) underwent ventriculotomy.

Minimally invasive repair of meta-bones.

Metacarpal and metatarsal fractures are common injuries in small animals and, in most of the cases, can be treated by minimally invasive techniques. Bone plates applied through epi-periosteal tunnels can stabilize meta-bones. Meta-bones III and IV are stabilized by dorsally applied plates.

Effect of external rotational humeral osteotomy on the contact mechanics of the canine elbow joint.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of 15° external rotational humeral osteotomy (ERHO) on canine elbow joint contact mechanics.

Study Design: Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Sample Population: Unpaired cadaveric canine thoracic limbs (n = 8)

Methods: Digital pressure sensors placed in a subchondral osteotomy distal to the elbow joint were used to measure contact area, peak and mean contact pressure, peak pressure location, center of pressure, and total force in the subchondral bone of the radius and the ulna.

Comparison between a novel bovine xenoimplant and autogenous cancellous bone graft in tibial tuberosity advancement.

Objective: To compare radiographic healing and clinical outcome of a frontal-opening wedge osteotomy of canine tibiae when the osteotomy site is packed with either a novel bovine xenograft or standard autogenous cancellous bone graft (ACBG).

Study Design: Cohort study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 82) with partial or complete rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament that had tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA).

Intraoperative contamination of the suction tip in clean orthopedic surgeries in dogs and cats.

Objective: To (1) determine suction tip (intermittent and continuous mode) contamination rate in orthopedic surgery in dogs and cats; (2) examine the effect of surgical time on contamination; and (3) report bacteria isolated.

Study Design: Clinical study.

Sample Population: Clean orthopedic surgeries (n = 50).

Effect of tibial tuberosity advancement on the contact mechanics and the alignment of the patellofemoral and femorotibial joints.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on patellofemoral (PF) contact mechanics, and alignment of the PF and femorotibial (FT) joints in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifles of dogs.

Study Design: Ex vivo biomechanical study.

Animals: Unpaired cadaveric hind limbs (n=9).

Radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluation of the patellar ligament following tibial tuberosity advancement.

Effect of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on the patellar ligament has not been described. Our purpose was to evaluate the patellar ligament radiographically and ultrasonographically before and after a TTA. Twenty-one stifles (20 dogs) were evaluated preoperatively (T0), and at six (n=18) (T1) and 16 weeks (n=17) (T2) postTTA.

Comparison of healing of the osteotomy gap after tibial tuberosity advancement with and without use of an autogenous cancellous bone graft.

Objective: To evaluate and compare healing, with and without the use of bone graft, of the gap created during tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA).

Study Design: Prospective study and case series.

Animals: Dogs treated with TTA (n=67).

Correlation of radiographic changes after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate-deficient stifles with functional outcome.

Objective: To (1) evaluate radiographic changes associated with osteoarthrosis (OA) before and after tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) and (2) determine if these changes are indicative of limb function as determined by kinetic gait analysis.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Dogs (n=35) with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient stifles (38).

Zurich cementless total hip replacement: retrospective evaluation of 2nd generation implants in 60 dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the results of application, and identify complications, of the 2nd generation of Zurich Cementless Total Hip Replacement (ZCTHR).

Study Design: Case series.

Animals: Client-owned dogs (n=60) that had ZCTHR (n=65).

Effect of conformation of the distal portion of the femur and proximal portion of the tibia on the pathogenesis of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate mediolateral radiographic views of stifle joints to identify conformational differences between athletically sound dogs and dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease (CCLD).

Sample Population: Radiographic images of 50 stifle joints of 43 dogs with surgically confirmed CCLD and 50 stifle joints of 38 dogs without clinical signs of stifle joint disease.

Procedures: Mediolateral radiographic views of stifle joints were obtained, and long axes of the femur, tibia, and femoral condyles were measured.

Medial plating for carpal panarthrodesis.

Objective: To describe a technique for carpal panarthrodesis using a medially applied dynamic compression plate (DCP) and to evaluate outcome.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Nine dogs with 10 carpal joint injuries.