Plication combined with vertical displacement of horizontal rectus muscles to treat combined horizontal and vertical deviations.

Purpose: To report the results of horizontal rectus muscle recession-plication with vertical displacement in the treatment of combined vertical and horizontal strabismus.

Methods: From October 2016 to December 2019, 15 patients with horizontal deviation of 15-60, 3 associated with vertical deviation of 8 and 12 with vertical deviation of 10-20, underwent horizontal strabismus surgery (recession-plication) in addition to vertical displacement of both horizontal rectus, half or total muscle width, depending on whether the amount of vertical strabismus was small (8) or large (10-20), respectively.

Results: A total of 15 patients (8 females) were included; average age at surgery was 27 years.

[Asymmetric recession of the horizontal rectus muscles for correction of alphabetical incomitance: case report].

The authors report a case of 21-year-old man with divergent noncomitant strabismus, "V" pattern anisotropy, right inferior oblique muscle overaction and right superior oblique muscle hypofunction, which was performed under topical anesthesia an asymmetrical recession of the horizontal rectus muscles fibers to correct alphabetical incomitance. The immediate surgical outcome was considered very good (orthotropic, no "V" or "A" pattern), since the success was not obtained through conventional surgical technique.

[Electromyograph assistance and Mendonça's forceps--a comparison between two methods of botulinum toxin A injection into the extraocular muscle].

Purpose: To compare two methods of botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection into the extraocular muscle (EOM): the electromyographically (EMG) guided injection and the injection using Mendonça's forceps.

Methods: Twenty-nine (29) patients with strabismus and low visual acuity in one eye were examined at the Department of Ophthalmology of UNIFESP. They were divided into 2 groups -- group I with 17 patients receiving the botulinum toxin A injection using Mendonça's forceps, and group II with 12 patients receiving the toxin with electromyographical guidance.