The temporal dynamics of symptoms during exposure therapies of PTSD: a network approach.

: Analysis of dynamic (temporal) networks allows an identification of important targets of treatment. : This study examined the dynamic network of symptoms in patients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during exposure therapy. : Patients ( = 65) were randomized to either , which includes to the traumatic memory, or , where of the memory replaced imaginal exposure, in a 10-week residential program.

Five types of clinical difference to monitor in practice.

A fundamental part of professional practice is to monitor case progress to inform basic clinical decisions about when to discontinue interventions, when to adjust interventions, and when to proceed as planned. When interpreting observed change, there are at least five distinct types of clinical difference that can occur independently, and mistaking one for another can lead to misinformed clinical decisions. We introduce a distinction between observed difference, detected difference, predicted difference, attainment difference, and induced difference, and use these to analyze current systems for routine outcome monitoring (ROM) in clinical practice.

Exposure and non-fear emotions: A randomized controlled study of exposure-based and rescripting-based imagery in PTSD treatment.

Interventions involving rescripting-based imagery have been proposed as a better approach than exposure-based imagery when posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with emotions other than fear. Prior research led to the study's hypotheses that (a) higher pretreatment non-fear emotions would predict relatively better response to rescripting as compared to exposure, (b) rescripting would be associated with greater reduction in non-fear emotions, and (c) pretreatment non-fear emotions would predict poor response to exposure. A clinically representative sample of 65 patients presenting a wide range of traumas was recruited from patients seeking and being offered PTSD treatment in an inpatient setting.

Agoraphobia With and Without Panic Disorder: A 20-Year Follow-up of Integrated Exposure and Psychodynamic Therapy.

The aim of the current study was to compare the 20-year outcome in panic disorder with agoraphobia (PD with AG) and agoraphobia without panic disorder (AG without PD) patients after inpatient psychological treatment. Of 53 eligible patients having completed a medication-free integrated exposure and psychodynamic treatment, 38 (71.7%)-25 PD with AG and 13 AG without PD patients-attended 20-year follow-up.

Self-compassion influences PTSD symptoms in the process of change in trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapies: a study of within-person processes.

Unlabelled: Although self-compassion is considered a promising change agent in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), no studies of this hypothesis exist. This study examined the within-person relationship of self-compassion components (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgment, isolation, over-identification) and subsequent PTSD symptoms over the course of therapy.

Method: PTSD patients (n = 65) were randomized to either standard prolonged exposure, which includes imaginal exposure (IE) to the traumatic memory, or modified prolonged exposure, where imagery re-scripting (IR) of the memory replaced IE as the imagery component of prolonged exposure in a 10 weeks residential program.

Trauma-related shame and guilt as time-varying predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during imagery exposure and imagery rescripting--A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The specific aims of this study are to examine trauma-related shame and guilt as time-varying predictors of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Method: Sixty-five patients were included in the statistical analyses and the multilevel modeling analyses supported three major findings.

Results: (i) Patients with a higher level of shame and guilt at the start of treatment displayed a higher level of PTSD symptoms over the course of treatment compared to other patients.

Alliance and outcome in varying imagery procedures for PTSD: a study of within-person processes.

The present study examined both the intraindividual relationship between alliance components (task, goal, and bond) and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms over the course of therapy and the interindividual relationships between the initial level of the alliance components and overall PTSD outcome. PTSD patients (n = 65) were randomized to either standard prolonged exposure, which includes imaginal exposure (IE) to the traumatic memory, or modified prolonged exposure, where imagery rescripting (IR) of the memory replaced IE as the imagery component of prolonged exposure in a 10-week residential program. They were assessed repeatedly (weekly) on alliance and PTSD symptom measures.