Detailed DNA barcoding of mayflies in a small European country proved how far we are from having comprehensive barcode reference libraries.

Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are among the crucial water and habitat quality bioindicators. However, despite their intensive long-term use in various studies, more reliable mayfly DNA barcode data have been produced in a negligible number of countries, and only ~40% of European species had been barcoded with less than 50% of families covered. Despite being carried out in a small area, our study presents the second-most species-rich DNA reference library of mayflies from Europe and the first comprehensive view from an important biodiversity hotspot such as the Western Carpathians.

Checklist, distribution, diversity, and rarity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in Slovakia.

Despite the essential role of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in freshwater ecosystems and their long-term use in research and routine biomonitoring in the Carpathian and Pannonian ecoregions, their distribution data are fragmentary and outdated. All published and unpublished data on mayflies from Slovakia was gathered and a database of > 15,000 species records from 2206 localities built with the aims (i) to critically revise available data and assess the completeness of the species inventory, (ii) to identify hotspots of species diversity, and (iii) to provide a benchmark for assessment of species rarity and conservation status in the region. After the critical revision of the data covering more than 100 years, the occurrence of 109 mayfly species in Slovakia was confirmed.

An unwanted companion reaches the country: the first record of the alien mosquito Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald, 1901) in Slovakia.

Background: Invasive mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are quickly spreading around the world. The presence of these alien species is concerning for both their impact on the native biodiversity and their high vector competence. The surveillance of Aedes invasive mosquito (AIM) species is one of the most important steps in vector-borne disease control and prevention.

A rare new species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from the Lost World.

A new species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemerotera: Leptohyphidae) is described, diagnosed and illustrated from nymphs collected in the Pantepui region in Southeastern Venezuela. Leptohyphes kukenan sp. nov.

Enderleina preclara Jewett, 1960 (Plecoptera, Perlidae), from the Venezuelan Guayana-A description of a putative female, nymph and egg.

The putative female, nymph and egg of Enderleina preclara are described from specimens collected in the Kukenán-tepui foothills and Acopán-tepui foothills and plateau of Venezuela. Morphological and molecular approaches were employed to characterize these stages. Diagnostic keys for males and females of the described Enderleina species are also presented.

A new species of Cryptonympha Lugo-Ortiz McCafferty (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae) from Cerro Duida (Venezuela).

The genus Cryptonympha includes three species: C. copiosa Lugo-Ortiz McCafferty, 1998; C. dasilvai Salles Francischetti, 2004 and C.

Local environment rather than past climate determines community composition of mountain stream macroinvertebrates across Europe.

Community assembly is determined by a combination of historical events and contemporary processes that are difficult to disentangle, but eco-evolutionary mechanisms may be uncovered by the joint analysis of species and genetic diversity across multiple sites. Mountain streams across Europe harbour highly diverse macroinvertebrate communities whose composition and turnover (replacement of taxa) among sites and regions remain poorly known. We studied whole-community biodiversity within and among six mountain regions along a latitudinal transect from Morocco to Scandinavia at three levels of taxonomic hierarchy: genus, species and haplotypes.

Four new species and new records of Atopsyche Banks (Trichoptera: Hydrobiosidae) from Pantepui biogeographical region (Venezuela).

Four new species of the genus Atopsyche Banks (Hydrobiosidae) from Pantepui biogeographical region (Venezuela) are described and illustrated: Atopsyche (Atopsaura) inmae n. sp., Atopsyche (Atopsaura) cristinae n.

Hydrolutos piaroa sp.n. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae), a new semiaquatic Lutosini species from south-western Venezuelan lowland streams.

Hydrolutos piaroa, a new species of Lutosini (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) from Tobogán de la Selva (Puerto Ayacucho region, SW Venezuela) is described and figured. Inhabiting aquatic environment it represents an unusual orthopteran with sternal and pleural area covered by fine microtrichia, forming a plastron. This is the first known Hydrolutos species sampled in lowland streams of Venezuelan Guayana.

A new species of Parakari (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Guiana Highlands.

The genus Parakari was described from Guiana Highlands in southeastern Venezuela by Nieto & Derka in 2011 for two species inhabiting streams draining isolated, flat-topped table mountains called tepuis. A description of a third representative, Parakari roraimensis sp. n.

Enderleina khazeni n. sp. (Plecoptera, Perlidae), a new stonefly from Venezuelan Guayana.

A new species of Enderleina (Plecoptera), E. khazeni n. sp.

Hydrolutos gransabanensis sp.n. (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae), a new semi-aquatic Lutosini species from Gran Sabana (Venezuela).

Hydrolutos gransabanensis, a new species of Lutosini (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) from the cave Cueva El Tigre (Santa Elena de Uairén, SE Venezuela) is described and figured for both sexes. This is the first record of Hydrolutos species out of tepui systems. The genus is recently known by 6 apterous species from Venezuelan Guayana region.