The longitudinal course of anxiety, depression and apathy through two years after stroke.

Objective: Estimate the prevalence of anxiety disorders, depressive disorders and apathy two years after stroke, examine their longitudinal course, describe the course of psychological distress through two years after stroke, and evaluate Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale HADS-A and HADS-D cut-off scores of ≥4 and ≥ 8 for detection of anxiety and depressive disorders two years after stroke.

Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of 150 consecutive stroke patients in a stroke unit, 103 were assessed four months and 75 two years after stroke. Anxiety and depression disorders and symptoms were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and HADS, apathy by the Apathy Evaluation Scale.

Early detection of patients at risk for anxiety, depression and apathy after stroke.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify clinical factors in the acute stage that can predict anxiety, depression and apathy at 4 months after stroke.

Methods: One hundred four consecutive stroke patients in a stroke unit were assessed within the first 2 weeks and after 4 months. Assessments included anxiety and depression symptoms on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [HADS Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) > or = 8 and HADS Depression subscale (HADS-D) > or = 8], physical impairment, functional disability, somatic comorbidity upon admission, assessment of apathy (score > or = 34 on the Apathy Evaluation Scale) and a psychiatric Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnosis of anxiety disorder (anxiety) or depression (depression) on follow-up.

Screening for anxiety and depression after stroke: comparison of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the Montgomery and Asberg depression rating scale.

Objective: Anxiety and depression after stroke are frequent, but are often overlooked and not assessed. The aims of the study were to (1) assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression and (2) compare the performance of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) as screening instruments for anxiety and depression disorders 4 months after stroke.

Methods: Stroke patients, consecutively admitted to a stroke unit, were assessed with HADS and MADRS 4 months after stroke (n=104).

Mental health consultations in a prison population: a descriptive study.

Background: The psychiatric morbidity among prison inmates is substantially higher than in the general population. We do, however, have insufficient knowledge about the extent of psychiatric treatment provided in our prisons. The aim of the present study was to give a comprehensive description of all non-pharmacological interventions provided by the psychiatric health services to a stratified sample of prison inmates.