Anxiety and pain during bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.

Background Previously we found that pre-procedural nervousness and tension (translated into English as "anxiety"), assessed on a non-validated five-point scale, correlated with pain intensity of the various stages of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (BMAB). The fewer the previous BMAB procedures the stronger the pain from a repeated procedure. The primary purpose of the present observational study is to evaluate the state of anxiety just before BMAB and to find out whether it affects the pain experiences during the various stages of the BMAB procedure.

Rituximab plus bendamustine or chlorambucil for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: primary analysis of the randomized, open-label MABLE study.

MABLE investigated the efficacy and safety of rituximab plus bendamustine or rituximab plus chlorambucil in fludarabine-ineligible patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Patients received rituximab plus bendamustine or rituximab plus chlorambucil every four weeks for six cycles. Rituximab plus chlorambucil-treated patients without a complete response after Cycle 6 received chlorambucil monotherapy for at least six additional cycles or until complete response.

Comparison of articaine and lidocaine for infiltration anaesthesia in patients undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.

Infiltration anaesthesia with articaine, a local anaesthetic able to penetrate bone, may relieve procedural pain better than lidocaine in bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. This randomised, double-blind study comprised 150 patients with suspected or known haematologic disease. Either articaine 20mg/ml (50 patients), articaine 40mg/ml (49 patients) or lidocaine 20mg/ml (51 patients), all with adrenaline 5mug/ml, was infiltrated in volume of 6ml (sternal manubrium), 8ml (sternal body) or 10ml (iliac crest) 2min before puncture.

A randomized, double-blind study comparing Clostridium difficile immune whey and metronidazole for recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: efficacy and safety data of a prematurely interrupted trial.

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to compare Clostridium difficile immune whey (CDIW) with metronidazole for treatment of laboratory-confirmed, recurrent, mild to moderate episodes of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). CDIW was manufactured by immunization of cows in their gestation period with inactivated C. difficile vaccine.