Utilizing MRI, [F]FDG-PET and [Zr]Zr-DFO-28H1 FAP-PET tracer to assess inflammation and fibrogenesis in a reproducible lung injury rat model: a multimodal imaging study.

Objective: Accurate imaging biomarkers that indicate disease progression at an early stage are highly important to enable timely mitigation of symptoms in progressive lung disease. In this context, reproducible experimental models and readouts are key. Here, we aim to show reproducibility of a lung injury rat model by inducing disease and assessing disease progression by multi-modal non-invasive imaging techniques at two different research sites.

Utility of T-weighted MRI texture analysis in assessment of peripheral zone prostate cancer aggressiveness: a single-arm, multicenter study.

T-weighted (TW) MRI provides high spatial resolution and tissue-specific contrast, but it is predominantly used for qualitative evaluation of prostate anatomy and anomalies. This retrospective multicenter study evaluated the potential of TW image-derived textural features for quantitative assessment of peripheral zone prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. A standardized preoperative multiparametric MRI was performed on 87 PCa patients across 6 institutions.

The influence of endorectal filling on rectal cancer staging with MRI.

Objective: To assess the influence of endorectal filling (EF) on rectal cancer staging.

Methods: 47 patients who underwent a staging MRI of rectal cancer in the period from 2011 to 2014 were included. The MRI protocol included T weighted fast spin echo sequences without and with EF at 3 T (EF-MRI).

Feasibility of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Prostate at 7 T.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) at a magnetic field strength of 7 T.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective institutional review board-approved study, 14 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer (mean age, 65.2 years; median prostate-specific antigen [PSA], 6.

T2-weighted MRI-derived textural features reflect prostate cancer aggressiveness: preliminary results.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic relevance of T2-weighted (T2W) MRI-derived textural features relative to quantitative physiological parameters derived from diffusion-weighted (DW) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI in Gleason score (GS) 3+4 and 4+3 prostate cancers.

Materials And Methods: 3T multiparametric-MRI was performed on 23 prostate cancer patients prior to prostatectomy. Textural features [angular second moment (ASM), contrast, correlation, entropy], apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and DCE pharmacokinetic parameters (K and V) were calculated from index tumours delineated on the T2W, DW, and DCE images, respectively.

3D MR thermometry of frozen tissue: Feasibility and accuracy during cryoablation at 3T.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility and accuracy of 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry of frozen tissue during cryoablation on a clinical 3T MR system.

Materials And Methods: Ex vivo porcine muscle specimens (n = 4) were imaged during two cycles of 10:3 minutes freeze-thaw on a 3T clinical MR scanner. Continuous MR monitoring was performed using a 3D radial ramp-sampled UTE sequence with a shortest TE of 70 μs.

Flexible proton 3D MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate with low-power adiabatic pulses for volume selection and spiral readout.

Purpose: Cartesian k-space sampling in three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the prostate limits the selection of voxel size and acquisition time. Therefore, large prostates are often scanned at reduced spatial resolutions to stay within clinically acceptable measurement times. Here we present a semilocalized adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) sequence with gradient-modulated offset-independent adiabatic (GOIA) refocusing pulses and spiral k-space acquisition (GOIA-sLASER-Spiral) for fast prostate MRSI with enhanced resolution and extended matrix sizes.

Repeatability of (31) P MRSI in the human brain at 7 T with and without the nuclear Overhauser effect.

An often-employed strategy to enhance signals in (31) P MRS is the generation of the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) by saturation of the water resonance. However, NOE allegedly increases the variability of the (31) P data, because variation is reported in NOE enhancements. This would negate the signal-to-noise (SNR) gain it generates.

Optimized (31)P MRS in the human brain at 7 T with a dedicated RF coil setup.

The design and construction of a dedicated RF coil setup for human brain imaging ((1)H) and spectroscopy ((31)P) at ultra-high magnetic field strength (7 T) is presented. The setup is optimized for signal handling at the resonance frequencies for (1)H (297.2 MHz) and (31)P (120.

Direct dynamic measurement of intracellular and extracellular lactate in small-volume cell suspensions with (13)C hyperpolarised NMR.

Hyperpolarised (HP) (13)C NMR allows enzymatic activity to be probed in real time in live biological systems. The use of in vitro models gives excellent control of the cellular environment, crucial in the understanding of enzyme kinetics. The increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate in cancer cells has been well studied with HP (13)C NMR.

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Management: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

This article reviews recent and ongoing developments in multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate. Advances in T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, and spectroscopic imaging are described along with advances related to radiofrequency coils and imaging at high magnetic field. As mpMRI is increasingly becoming routine in various aspects of clinical prostate cancer management, its role in detection, localization, staging, assessment of aggressiveness, and active surveillance is discussed.

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Discriminating Low-Grade From High-Grade Prostate Cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine and validate the optimal combination of parameters derived from 3-T diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, and magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopic imaging for discriminating low-grade from high-grade prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the institutional review board, and the need for informed consent was waived. Ninety-four patients with PCa who had undergone multiparametric MR imaging (MRI) before prostatectomy were included.

T1-weighted MR image contrast around a cryoablation iceball: a phantom study and initial comparison with in vivo findings.

Purpose: To correlate T1-weighted (T1w) magnetic resonance (MR) image contrast around a cryoablation iceball with temperature in a phantom study and to compare this to its in vivo appearance during MR-guided focal cryoablation of prostate cancer.

Methods: A MR-compatible cryoneedle was inserted into identical gel phantoms (n = 3) on a 1.5 T MR system.

Three-dimensional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging with and without an endorectal coil: a prostate phantom study.

Background: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the prostate has been used with only a combination of external surface coils. The quality of spectral fitting of the (choline + creatine)/citrate ([Cho + Cr]/Cit) ratio at different field strengths and different coils is important for quantitative/semi-quantitative diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the quality of spectral fitting of the (Cho + Cr)/Cit ratio of a prostate phantom using MRSI at different field strengths and various coils.

Improved volume selective (1) H MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate with gradient offset independent adiabaticity pulses at 3 tesla.

Purpose: Volume selection in (1) H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the prostate is commonly performed with low-bandwidth refocusing pulses. However, their large chemical shift displacement error (CSDE) causes lipid signal contamination in the spectral range of interest. Application of high-bandwidth adiabatic pulses is limited by radiofrequency (RF) power deposition.

(31) P MR spectroscopic imaging of the human prostate at 7 T: T1 relaxation times, Nuclear Overhauser Effect, and spectral characterization.

Purpose: Optimization of phosphorus ((31) P) MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the human prostate at 7 T by the evaluation of T1 relaxation times and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) of phosphorus-containing metabolites.

Methods: Twelve patients with prostate cancer and one healthy volunteer were scanned on a 7 T whole-body system using a (31) P endorectal coil combined with an eight-channel (1) H body array coil. T1 relaxation times were measured using progressive saturation in a two-dimensional localization sequence.

Clinical proton MR spectroscopy in central nervous system disorders.

A large body of published work shows that proton (hydrogen 1 [(1)H]) magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy has evolved from a research tool into a clinical neuroimaging modality. Herein, the authors present a summary of brain disorders in which MR spectroscopy has an impact on patient management, together with a critical consideration of common data acquisition and processing procedures. The article documents the impact of (1)H MR spectroscopy in the clinical evaluation of disorders of the central nervous system.

Metabolite ratios in 1H MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate.

In (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging ((1)H-MRSI) of the prostate the spatial distribution of the signal levels of the metabolites choline, creatine, polyamines, and citrate are assessed. The ratio of choline (plus spermine as the main polyamine) plus creatine over citrate [(Cho+(Spm+)Cr)/Cit] is derived from these metabolites and is used as a marker for the presence of prostate cancer. In this review, the factors that are of importance for the metabolite ratio are discussed.

Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging at 7 T in patients with prostate cancer.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify characteristics of phosphorus (P) spectra of the human prostate and to investigate changes of individual phospholipid metabolites in prostate cancer through in vivo P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) at 7 T.

Materials And Methods: In this institutional review board-approved study, 15 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer underwent T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional P MRSI at 7 T. Voxels were selected at the tumor location, in normal-appearing peripheral zone tissue, normal-appearing transition zone tissue, and in the base of the prostate close to the seminal vesicles.

Clinical comparison between a currently available single-loop and an investigational dual-channel endorectal receive coil for prostate magnetic resonance imaging: a feasibility study at 1.5 and 3 T.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to test the feasibility of an investigational dual-channel next-generation endorectal coil (NG-ERC) in vivo, to quantitatively assess signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and to get an impression of image quality compared with the current clinically available single-loop endorectal coil (ERC) for prostate magnetic resonance imaging at both 1.5 and 3 T.

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients.

Quantitative evaluation of computed high B value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate.

Objectives: Computed diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (cDWI) refers to the synthesizing of arbitrary b value diffusion-weighted images (DWI) from a set of measured b value images by voxelwise fitting. The objectives of this study were to quantitatively analyze the noise and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in cDWI as a function of b value by numerical simulations and by measurements in patients with prostate cancer and to compare cDWI to directly measured DWI at a b value of 1400 s/mm2.

Materials And Methods: Numerical simulations were performed to assess image noise and CNR in both cDWI and regular DWI.

Feasibility of T2 -weighted turbo spin echo imaging of the human prostate at 7 tesla.

Purpose: To demonstrate that high quality T2 -weighted (T2w) turbo spin-echo (TSE) imaging of the complete prostate can be achieved routinely and within safety limits at 7 T, using an external transceive body array coil only.

Methods: Nine healthy volunteers and 12 prostate cancer patients were scanned on a 7 T whole-body system. Preparation consisted of B0 and radiofrequency shimming and localized flip angle calibration.

Mapping of prostate cancer by 1H MRSI.

In many studies, it has been demonstrated that (1)H MRSI of the human prostate has great potential to aid prostate cancer management, e.g. in the detection and localisation of cancer foci in the prostate or in the assessment of its aggressiveness.