A longitudinal single-cell atlas of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.

Precision medicine in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) requires a cellular understanding of treatment response. We describe a therapeutic atlas for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following adalimumab, an anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment. We generated ~1 million single-cell transcriptomes, organised into 109 cell states, from 216 gut biopsies (41 subjects), revealing disease-specific differences.

The Association Between Obesity and Malignant Progression of Barrett's Esophagus: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: Obesity is a risk factor for both Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, it is unclear whether obesity drives the malignant progression of BE. We aimed to assess whether obesity is associated with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or cancer in patients with BE.

Panpipes: a pipeline for multiomic single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data analysis.

Single-cell multiomic analysis of the epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome allows for comprehensive characterization of the molecular circuitry that underpins cell identity and state. However, the holistic interpretation of such datasets presents a challenge given a paucity of approaches for systematic, joint evaluation of different modalities. Here, we present Panpipes, a set of computational workflows designed to automate multimodal single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses by incorporating widely-used Python-based tools to perform quality control, preprocessing, integration, clustering, and reference mapping at scale.

A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Screening Tool in Maxillofacial Fractures: A Prospective Study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the diagnostic efficacy of high-resolution ultrasonography (USG) in the diagnosis of maxillofacial fractures.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive diagnostic evaluation study was carried out on 30 patients with suspected maxillofacial fractures, out of which 26 were male (86.7%) and 4 were female (13.

An Observational Study on Cystic Alterations in Normal Dental Follicles Associated with Impacted Lower Third Molar for Early Intervention.

Aim: To evaluate the cystic changes in the radiographically normal dental follicle associated with impacted mandibular third molar.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on 80 patients. Samples were selected using a convenient sampling technique from the patients who had impacted mandibular third molars in Pell and Gregory's positions B and C, with follicular space less than 2.

Evaluating the Clinical Efficacy of Maxillary Labial Frenectomy Procedure Using Diode Laser (980 nm) and Conventional Scalpel: An Observational Study.

Aim: This is an era of minimally invasive and least traumatic surgical interventions being focused on. The traditional scalpel frenectomy technique offers an increase in post-operative sequelae. To unravel this scenario a comparative evaluation is carried out to find out the clinical outcomes and quality of life after maxillary labial frenectomy using a conventional scalpel and diode laser frenectomy of 980 nm.

Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer as an Interfacial Dipole Modification in Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells.

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers are used to modify the interface of metal-semiconductor junctions. The large number of protonated amines contributes to the formation of a dipole layer, which finally serves to form electron-selective contacts in silicon heterojunction solar cells. By modification of the work function of the contacts, the addition of the PAMAM dendrimer interlayer quenches Fermi level pinning, thus creating an ohmic contact between the metal and the semiconductor.

Comparison of different methods for isolating CD8 T lymphocyte-derived extracellular vesicles and supramolecular attack particles.

CD8 T lymphocytes play vital roles in killing infected or deranged host cells, recruiting innate immune cells, and regulating other aspects of immune responses. Like any other cell, CD8 T cells also produce extracellular particles. These include extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs).

Paramassetric Subcutaneous Dirofilariasis: A Rare Entity.

Dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic parasitic infection affecting humans due to the bite of a mosquito vector. It is an endemic caused by Dirofilaria which is characterized in humans as nodules in lungs, subcutaneous tissue, peritoneal cavity, eyes. We present a case of Dirofilariasis with subcutaneous presentation in paramassetric region.

ZEB1 loss increases glioma stem cell tumorigenicity and resistance to chemoradiation.

Objective: Glioblastoma has been known to be resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, whereas the underlying mechanisms of resistance have not been fully elucidated. The authors studied the role of the transcription factor ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 protein), which is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is central to the stemness of glioblastoma, to determine its role in therapeutic resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. The authors previously demonstrated that ZEB1 is deleted in a majority of glioblastomas.

Risk of a subsequent diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in subjects with ophthalmic disorders associated with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort analysis of UK primary care data.

Objectives: Ophthalmic conditions including anterior uveitis (AU), episcleritis and scleritis may occur in association with the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) as ophthalmic extraintestinal manifestations. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of a later IBD diagnosis in those presenting with IBD associated ocular inflammation (IAOI).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Burden of chronic diseases associated with periodontal diseases: a retrospective cohort study using UK primary care data.

Objectives: To identify the association between periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) and chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic disease, autoimmune disease and mental ill health.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: IQVIA Medical Research Data-UK between 1 January 1995 and 1 January 2019.

IL-1-driven stromal-neutrophil interactions define a subset of patients with inflammatory bowel disease that does not respond to therapies.

Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies are ineffective in a high proportion of patients. Combining bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, quantitative histopathology and in situ localization across three cohorts of patients with IBD (total n = 376), we identify coexpressed gene modules within the heterogeneous tissular inflammatory response in IBD that map to distinct histopathological and cellular features (pathotypes). One of these pathotypes is defined by high neutrophil infiltration, activation of fibroblasts and vascular remodeling at sites of deep ulceration.

The Risk of Later Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Patients With Dermatological Disorders Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Dermatological conditions such as erythema nodosum (EN), pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet's syndrome, and aphthous stomatitis can occur with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and are considered dermatological extraintestinal manifestations (D-EIMs). Rarely, they may precede IBD. Other common conditions such as psoriasis have also been associated with IBD.

A longitudinal study to evaluate the bleeding pattern of patients on low dose aspirin therapy following dental extraction.

Background And Aims: Antiplatelet dugs are often interrupted preceding invasive dental extraction because of concern of bleeding complications. The fear of uncontrolled bleeding often prompts medical and dental practitioners to stop aspirin intake for 7 to 10 days before any surgical procedure, which puts the patient at risk from adverse thrombotic events. The aim of the study conducted was to evaluate the bleeding pattern after routine dental extraction among patients on low dose long term aspirin therapy.

Fibroblasts as immune regulators in infection, inflammation and cancer.

In chronic infection, inflammation and cancer, the tissue microenvironment controls how local immune cells behave, with tissue-resident fibroblasts emerging as a key cell type in regulating activation or suppression of an immune response. Fibroblasts are heterogeneous cells, encompassing functionally distinct populations, the phenotypes of which differ according to their tissue of origin and type of inciting disease. Their immunological properties are also diverse, ranging from the maintenance of a potent inflammatory environment in chronic inflammation to promoting immunosuppression in malignancy, and encapsulating and incarcerating infectious agents within tissues.

Elevated Asparagine Biosynthesis Drives Brain Tumor Stem Cell Metabolic Plasticity and Resistance to Oxidative Stress.

Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) is a gene on the long arm of chromosome 7 that is copy-number amplified in the majority of glioblastomas. ASNS copy-number amplification is associated with a significantly decreased survival. Using patient-derived glioma stem cells (GSC), we showed that significant metabolic alterations occur in gliomas when perturbing the expression of ASNS, which is not merely restricted to amino acid homeostasis.

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and Susceptibility to COVID-19.

Objective: To identify whether active use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) increases susceptibility to developing suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared to the use of other common analgesics.

Methods: We performed a propensity score-matched cohort study with active comparators, using a large UK primary care data set. The cohort consisted of adult patients age ≥18 years with osteoarthritis (OA) who were followed up from January 30 to July 31, 2020.

Influence of Co-Sputtered Ag:Al Ultra-Thin Layers in Transparent VO/Ag:Al/AZO Hole-Selective Electrodes for Silicon Solar Cells.

As optoelectronic devices continue to improve, control over film thickness has become crucial, especially in applications that require ultra-thin films. A variety of undesired effects may arise depending on the specific growth mechanism of each material, for instance a percolation threshold thickness is present in Volmer-Webber growth of materials such as silver. In this paper, we explore the introduction of aluminum in silver films as a mechanism to grow ultrathin metallic films of high transparency and low sheet resistance, suitable for many optoelectronic applications.

Achalasia Is Associated With Atopy in Patients Younger Than 40 Years of Age.

Introduction: Case reports describe individuals with achalasia features subsequently diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis (an atopic disorder). We have examined associations between achalasia and atopic and autoimmune conditions.

Methods: This is a UK cohort study of 2,593 subjects with achalasia matched to 10,402 controls.