Anxiety and depression in expectant parents: ART versus spontaneous conception.

Study Question: Do expectant parents experience increased anxiety and depression during pregnancies conceived through ART compared to spontaneous conception?

Summary Answer: Among all expectant parents in the sample, those who conceived through ART reported overall lower levels of anxiety and depression in pregnancy compared to expectant parents who conceived spontaneously, while in the subsample of parents who conceived both through ART and spontaneous conception, expectant mothers experienced increased anxiety and depression in early pregnancy following ART compared to spontaneous conception.

What Is Known Already: Previous research on expectant parents' psychosocial adjustment in response to ART has found mixed results, with some studies suggesting ART is associated with increased anxiety and depression, and other studies suggesting improved mental health or no relationship. Mixed findings may relate to the use of cross-sectional designs that do not account for confounding differences between groups, or variability in the timing of assessment.

Can time to menopause be predicted?

Menopause represents the definite end of a woman's reproductive life and the onset of a persistent hypoestrogenic state. This postmenopausal period will for most women last several decades. Although mean menopausal age seems to have increased somewhat during the last century, there is a significant individual variation in age at natural menopause.

Risk of cardiovascular disease after preventive salpingo-oophorectomy.

Introduction: Breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutation carriers are recommended to undergo early oophorectomy to prevent ovarian cancer. Premature loss of ovarian hormones may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Because women with preventive oophorectomy are mainly young and healthy, they rarely undergo specialized cardiological surveillance.

Development of a prediction model to aid primary care physicians in early identification of women at high risk of developing endometriosis: cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To identify predictors of disease among a few factors commonly associated with endometriosis and if successful, to combine these to develop a prediction model to aid primary care physicians in early identification of women at high risk of developing endometriosis.

Design: Cross-sectional anonymous postal questionnaire study.

Setting: Women aged 18-45 years recruited from the Norwegian Endometriosis Association and a random sample of women residing in Oslo, Norway.

Childbirth close to natural menopause: does age at menopause matter?

Research Question: Does a successful spontaneous pregnancy in the years close to natural menopause depend on age at menopause?

Design: This was a retrospective population-based study of 4157 parous postmenopausal women in Norway, born during the years 1925-1940. Data were obtained by two self-administered questionnaires in the HUNT2 Survey (1995-1997). We calculated the proportions of women who gave birth within 5 years and within 10 years prior to menopause both among all women, and according to categories of age at menopause.

Cervical microbiota in women with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, prior to and after local excisional treatment, a Norwegian cohort study.

Background: Local treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) has been correlated with reproductive morbidity, while the cervicovaginal microbiota is also known to affect the risk of preterm delivery. CIN and treatment by LEEP might change the cervical microbiota. The main aim of this study was to describe the cervical microbiota before and after LEEP and assess its associaton with cone depth and HPV persistence.

Lack of cross-cultural validity of the Endometriosis Health Profile-30.

Introduction: The Endometriosis Health Profile-30 is a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure of health-related quality of life. Cross-cultural validation of the Endometriosis Health Profile-30 has been performed for several translated versions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of a Norwegian version Endometriosis Health Profile-30.

Health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis, compared with the general population and women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Introduction: Women with endometriosis have reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, comparisons to the general population and other patient groups are lacking.

Material And Methods: The present cross-sectional questionnaire study included 157 women with endometriosis, 156 women from the general population, and 837 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Fertility after cryopreservation of ovarian tissue due to cancer treatment.

Bakgrunn: Kryopreservering av ovarialvev som fertilitetsbevarende metode tilbys prepubertale jenter og kvinner i reproduktiv alder med høy risiko for å utvikle prematur ovarialsvikt i forbindelse med medisinsk eller kirurgisk behandling. I denne studien ønsket vi å kartlegge fertilitet og prematur ovarialsvikt hos kvinner som har fått gjort kryopreservering av ovarialvev i forbindelse med kreftbehandling.

Materiale Og Metode: Et spørreskjema ble i 2014 sendt til 94 kvinner over 18 år som i perioden 2004-12 hadde fått kryopreservert ovarialvev i forbindelse med behandling for en malign tilstand.

Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome.

The objective of this narrative review was to suggest a rational order of treatment choices in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), for whom a multitude of treatment options exist. In obese/overweight women with PCOS the importance of weight reduction should be stressed. Inositol, a dietary supplement with a documented effect on ovulation and without adverse effects in the doses recommended, may be suggested.

Maternal concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin in very early IVF pregnancies and duration of pregnancy: a follow-up study.

Research Question: Are maternal concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) on a fixed day after embryo transfer associated with duration of pregnancy?

Design: A follow-up study of 1917 singleton pregnancies after IVF was performed. Embryos were cultured for 2 days and maternal HCG concentration quantified on day 12 after embryo transfer. Duration of pregnancy was obtained from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.

Maternal human chorionic gonadotrophin concentrations in very early pregnancy and risk of hyperemesis gravidarum: A retrospective cohort study of 4372 pregnancies after in vitro fertilization.

Objective: We investigated the association of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) concentrations on a fixed day in very early pregnancy with development of hyperemesis gravidarum.

Study Design: This retrospective cohort study included 3107 singleton and 1265 twin pregnancies after in vitro fertilization treated at Department of Reproductive Medicine, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Norway in the period 1996-2013. Maternal serum hCG concentrations was measured on day 12 after embryo transfer.

Endometriosis-associated infertility: aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment options.

Endometriosis is a common condition in women of reproductive age. In addition to pain, endometriosis may also reduce fertility. The causes of infertility in women with endometriosis may range from anatomical distortions due to adhesions and fibrosis to endocrine abnormalities and immunological disturbances.

Elective cesarean section or not? Maternal age and risk of adverse outcomes at term: a population-based registry study of low-risk primiparous women.

Background: Maternal age at delivery and cesarean section rates are increasing. In older women, the decision on delivery mode may be influenced by a reported increased risk of surgical interventions during labor and complications with increasing maternal age. We examined the association between maternal age and adverse outcomes in low-risk primiparous women, and the risk of adverse outcomes by delivery modes, both planned and performed (elective and emergency cesarean section, operative vaginal delivery, and unassisted vaginal delivery) in women aged ≥ 35 years.

The associations of maternal body mass index with birthweight and placental weight. Does maternal diabetes matter? A population study of 106 191 pregnancies.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to study whether the associations of maternal body mass index with offspring birthweight and placental weight differ by maternal diabetes status.

Material And Methods: We performed a population study of 106 191 singleton pregnancies by using data from the years 2009-2012 in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. We estimated changes in birthweight and in placental weight (in grams) by maternal body mass index by linear regression analysis.

Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation among alternatives for fertility preservation in the Nordic countries - compilation of 20 years of multicenter experience.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to report the current status of ovarian tissue cryopreservation among alternatives for fertility preservation in the Nordic countries.

Material And Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 14 Nordic academic reproductive centers with established fertility preservation programs. It covered fertility preservation cases performed up to December 2014, standard procedures for ovarian tissue cryopreservation and oocyte cryopreservation and reproductive outcomes following ovarian tissue transplantation.

Sexual activity and functioning after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: Impact of hormone replacement therapy.

Objective: To examine sexual activity and functioning in women after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) compared with the general population (NORM).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study. 294 women who underwent RRSO and 1228 women from the NORM group provided written information based on mailed questionnaires.

Effect of Previous Chemotherapy on the Quality of Cryopreserved Human Ovarian Tissue In Vitro.

Background: Cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has been widely accepted as an option for fertility preservation among cancer patients. Some patients are exposed to chemotherapy prior to ovarian tissue cryopreservation. Consequently, assessment of the developmental capacity of human ovarian tissue after chemotherapy is of primary importance.

Fructose content of low calorie diets: effect on cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

We aimed to examine whether a whole-grain crispbread (CB) low-fructose, low-calorie diet (LCD) might be superior to a traditional LCD based on fructose-rich liquid meal replacements (LMRs) with respect to improvement of various cardiometabolic risk factors and reproductive hormones. Parallel-group randomised controlled clinical trial. Morbidly obese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were randomised to either an 8-week CB-LCD or LMR-LCD (900-1100 kcal/day, fructose 17 g/day or 85 g/day).

Autotransplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue after treatment for malignant disease - the first Norwegian results.

Introduction: With increasing survival rates after treatment for cancer in prepubertal girls and women of reproductive age, an increasing focus on quality of life has emerged. Both irradiation and cytotoxic drugs can be detrimental to future fertility, consequently several treatment alternatives have been developed to spare or restore fertility in young females diagnosed with cancer. One of these options is cryopreservation of ovarian tissue before treatment and autotransplantation at a later time.

Fragmentation of human cleavage-stage embryos is related to the progression through meiotic and mitotic cell cycles.

Objective: To study whether fragmentation of human embryos is related to the progression through meiotic and mitotic cell cycles.

Design: This report consists of two observational studies.

Setting: Not applicable.

Female reproductive decline is determined by remaining ovarian reserve and age.

The early decline and loss of female fertility in humans and other species represents an evolutionary paradox. Despite being born with a vast stock of oocytes, females encounter an exhaustion of ovarian reserve and sterility half way through their natural lives. Female reproductive ageing has been proposed to proceed as an ongoing decline in ovarian reserve, determined by remaining ovarian follicle number.

Maternal age and serum concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin in early pregnancy.

Objective: To study whether maternal age is associated with serum concentration of human chorionic gonadotropin in early pregnancy.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Oslo University Hospital in Oslo, Norway.